# chtexturegrp

texdesc:
stratified very gravelly coarse sand to loamy fine sand


texdesc:
stratified gravelly coarse sand to loamy fine sand


texdesc:
stratified cobbly coarse sand to very gravelly loamy fine sand


texdesc:
stratified gravelly sand to loamy fine sand


texdesc:
stratified very gravelly coarse sand to fine sand


texdesc:
stratified coarse sand to loamy fine sand


# component

taxclname:
Sandy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Typic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Loamy, isotic, frigid Lithic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Fluventic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Fluvaquents


taxclname:
Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquepts


taxclname:
Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Udorthents


taxclname:
Loamy, mixed, active, mesic Lithic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Typic Haplorthods

taxpartsize:
coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Typic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Loamy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Lithic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Aquic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, acid, frigid Aeric Haplaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, subactive, mesic Oxyaquic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, frigid Aeric Epiaquepts


taxclname:
Sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, dysic Terric Borohemists


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents


taxclname:
Coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, frigid Fluvaquentic Humaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Humaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Aquic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Dystric Eutrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquepts


taxclname:
Sandy over loamy, mixed, mesic Entic Haplaquods


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, isotic, frigid Aquic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, acid, frigid Aeric Epiaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Fluvaquentic Humaquepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Oxyaquic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Oxyaquic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Udorthents


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Haplorthods


taxclname:
Loamy, mixed, active, frigid Lithic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aquic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Typic Dystrudepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Dystrochrepts


taxclname:
Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Aquic Dystrochrepts


# copmgrp

pmgroupname:
sandy and/or coarse-loamy alluvium derived from granite, gneiss or schist


pmgroupname:
stratified sandy and gravelly outwash or sandy outwash


pmgroupname:
stratified sandy and gravelly outwash or stratified sandy outwash


pmgroupname:
basal lodgement till derived from schist and/or basal lodgement till derived from granite and gneiss


pmgroupname:
basal lodgement till derived from granite and gneiss and/or basal lodgement till derived from schist


pmgroupname:
sandy outwash derived mainly from granite, gneiss and schist


pmgroupname:
loamy outwash over sandy and/or gravelly outwash derived from granite and gneiss or schist


pmgroupname:
basal melt-out till derived from granite and gneiss and/or basal melt-out till derived from schist


# cotext

text:
Edited horizon depths and textures to agree with the approved typical pedon.  Used MBSS pedon number 71.


# distlegendmd

areaname:
Merrimack and Belknap Counties, New Hampshire

exportmetadata:
Exported interim tabular data to the Soil Data Warehouse on 12-27-2004. Data is not SSURGO certified.  PBW


# laoverlap

areaname:
New England and Eastern New York Upland, Southern Part


areaname:
New England and Eastern New York Upland, Northern Part


# legend

areaname:
Merrimack and Belknap Counties, New Hampshire


# legendtext

text:
This one day soil correlation field visit was held at the Concord Soil Survey Field office to review progress made with the MBSS Update.  Several correlation decisions were made.  This review was conducted by Gerald Rosenberg, Soil Correlator, NH.


text:
A progress field review was conducted on Aug. 23-25, 1993 by Gerald Rosenberg, Soil Correlator, NH.  The following individuals participated in the review:
Peter Whitcomb, Project Leader, SCS, Concord, NH
Katherine Swain, Soil Scientist, SCS, Concord, NH
Phillip Meyer, Soil Scientist, SCS, Concord, NH
Karen Dudley, Soil Scientist, SCS, Concord, NH
William Hoey, Soil Conservationist, SCS, Concord, NH
Christine Evans, Professor, UNH, Durham, NH


text:
A Progress Field Review was conducted on Aug. 20-24, 1990 conducted by Steve Hundley, NH State Soil Scientist.  Participants were:

Russell Kelsea, Party Leader, SCS, Concord, NH
Peter Whitcomb, Soil Scientist, SCS, Concord, NH
Katherine Swain, Soil Scientist, SCS, Concord, NH
Phillip Meyer, District Conservationist, SCS, Concord, NH
James McLaughlin, New Hampshire Office of State Planning, Concord, NH
Steven Hundley, State Soil Scientist, SCS, Durham, NH
James Hersey, District Conservationist, SCS, Laconia, NH
Dr. Christine Evans, Associate Professor, UNH, Durham, NH
Jan Hooper, Belknap County Conservation District, Laconia, NH
John Hodsdon, Chairman, Belknap County Conservation District, Laconia, NH

The soil survey is progressing exceptionally well considering a very turbulent first three years with FSA details every season and a 9 week special detail this past season.  These interruptions have caused mapping progress to be considerably less than scheduled than in the original plan of operations.  A revised completion date of 1996 will provide a reasonable, yet agressive goal to complete the Merrimack-Belknap Soil Survey (attached graph with original copy).  Mapping progress during the next few years should be maintained at a level that will insure adequate time for collecting field documentation, soils data, and conducting special studies that support the development of the descriptive legend and corresponding land use interpretations.  With a firm legend and sufficient supporting documentation, accelerated soil mapping can be expected in the last two years of the program to complete the survey on schedule.
etc.


text:
Taken from correspondence to Bruce Thompson, MO12 Team Leader from Andrew Williams, Soil Data Quality Specialist, dated May 1, 1998.

On April 15 and 16, 1998, a correlation conference was held in Concord, NH for the Merrimack and Belknap Counties Soil Survey.  Attending were:
Peter Whitcomb, Soil Survey Project Leader, Concord, NH
Katherine Swain, Soil Specialist for Databases, Concord, NH
Steve Gourley, VT Soil Liaison, Winooski, VT
Andrew Williams, Soil Data Quality Specialist, Amherst, MA
Karen Dudley, Soil Scientist, Concord, NH
Laura Morton, Soil Scientist, Concord, NH

The purpose of the conference was to assess the identification legend and the "Soil Survey Toolkit Correlation Document" used by NH to track the status of map units.


text:
A Progress Field Review was conducted by Andrew Williams, Data Quality Specialist, on Sept. 16-19, 1996.  Participants were:

Peter Whitcomb, Soil Survey Project Leader, NRCS, Concord, NH
Phillip Meyer, Soil Scientist, NRCS, Concord, NH
Karen Dudley, Soil Scientist, NRCS, Concord, NH
Katherine Swain, Soil Specialist, NRCS, Concord, NH
Donald Richard, Cartographer, NRCS, Concord, NH
Mike Lynch, District Conservationist, NRCS, Concord, NH
Laura Morton, Earth Team Volunteer
Marie Danforth, Earth Team Volunteer
Thom Villars, Soil Survey Project Leader, NRCS, Woodstock, VT
Martha Stuart, Soil Scientist, NRCS, Woodstock, VT
Stephen Gourley, Soil Technology Coordinator, NRCS, Winooski, VT
Steven Hundley, State Soil Scientist (NH/VT), NRCS, Durham, NH
Bruce Thompson, MO Leader, NRCS, Amherst, MA
Shawn Finn, Soil Data Quality Specialist, NRCS, Amherst, MA
Andrew Williams, Soil Data Quality Specialist, NRCS, Amherst, MA


# mapunit

muname:
Occum fine sandy loam, frequently flooded

farmlndcl:
Prime farmland if protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season


muname:
Ondawa fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Podunk fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Rumney fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Gloucester sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Gloucester sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Suncook loamy sand, occasionally flooded


muname:
Ondawa fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Agawam very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Agawam very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Madawaska fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Deerfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Roundabout very fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Lyme and Moosilauke soils, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Lyme and Moosilauke soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Adams loamy sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Pootatuck fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Occum fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Medomak mucky silt loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Urban land-Pootatuck complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, protected


muname:
Rippowam fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Ninigret fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Ninigret fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Belgrade very fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Belgrade very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Squamscott fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Walpole very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Walpole very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Saco mucky silt loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Croghan fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Pillsbury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Pillsbury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock-Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Urban land-Canton complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Hermon fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 8 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Sunapee variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock variant, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker-Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield variant, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


# mdstatdomdet

choicedesc:
Granular materials (35% or less passing No. 200 sieve), silty or clayey gravel and sand.


choicedesc:
Granular materials (35% or less passing No. 200), silty or clayey gravel and sand.


choicedesc:
Granular materials (35% or less passing No. 200), fine sand.


choicedesc:
Silt-Clay materials (more than 35% passing NO. 200), silty soils.


choicedesc:
Silt-Clay Materials (more than 35% passing No. 200), clayey soils.


choicedesc:
Silt-Clay materials (more than 35% passing No. 200) clayey soils.


choicedesc:
Silt-Clay materials (more than 35% passing No. 200), clayey soils.


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 1 have few limitations that restrict their use.


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 2 have some limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require moderate conservation practices


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 3 have severe limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require special conservation practices, or both.


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 4 have very severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants, require very careful management, or both


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 5 have little or no erosion hazard, but have other limitations impractical to remove that limit their use.


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 6 have very severe limitations that make them generally unsuited to cultivation and limit their use largely to pasture, etc.


choicedesc:
Soils in Class 7 have very severe limitations that make them unsuited to cultivation and that restrict their use to grazing, etc.


choicedesc:
Soils (and landforms) in Class 8 have limitations that preclude their use for commercial plant production and restrict their use.


choicedesc:
soil limitations within the rooting zone


choicedesc:
Text entries that describe what changes were made to the data and why those changes were made.


choicedesc:
Text entries not related to any of the other choices.


choicedesc:
Indicates records that contain notes related to certification of data objects.  Typically, data elements certified in the object are listed in the text attached to this record.


choicedesc:
The component is classified and described at the family level of Soil Taxonomy.


choicedesc:
The component is classified and described as a non-soil area.


choicedesc:
The component is classified and described at the soil series level, the lowest level of Soil Taxonomy.


choicedesc:
The component is described slightly outside the Soil Taxomonic limits of the name assigned.  However, these differences are not significant enough to affect use and management of the soil.


choicedesc:
The component is described and classified at some level of Soil Taxonomy above the family level.


choicedesc:
The component is described as being outside the range of the series for which it is named.  The differences are great enough to  warrant a new series, they do affect the use and management of the soil, but the geographical extent is considered too small to justify creating a new series.


choicedesc:
Text entries that describe what changes were made to the component object, exclusive of the horizon object, and why those changes were made.


choicedesc:
Text entries that document correlation concerns that affect this component.  For example, notes about the comparison of this component to the official series for which it is named.


choicedesc:
The SOI-5 description converted from SSSD.


choicedesc:
The distribution request has been submitted but the processing of that request is not complete.  The request may be being held for processing at a later time.


choicedesc:
The distribution request failed to run to completion, and no data was exported.


choicedesc:
The distribution request was processed to completion, but one or more of the legends, map units or components in the original request was not found in the database at the time the request was ultimately processed.


choicedesc:
The distribution request was processed to completetion, and all requested legends, map units and components are present in the exported dataset.


choicedesc:
Nonvegetative cover either made or modified by human activity and prohibiting or restricting vegetative growth and water penetration.


choicedesc:
Nonvegetative natural cover often having a limited capacity to support vegetation - including construction sites (<5% vegetated).


choicedesc:
The full cycle, including land preparation and post-harvest residue cover of annual or perennial herbaceous plants that are cultivated or harvested, or both, for the production of food, feed, oil, and fiber other than wood, and excluding hay and pasture.


choicedesc:
Non-woody vegetative cover composed of annual or perennial grasses, grass-like plants (sedges/rushes), forbs (including alfalfa and clovers), lichens, mosses, and ferns (>75% grass, grass-like, forb cover).


choicedesc:
Vegetative cover composed of multi-stemmed and single-stemmed woody plants that attain a mature height of less than four meters (>50% shrub canopy cover).


choicedesc:
Vegetative cover recognized as woody plants which usually have one perennial stem, a definitely formed crown of foliage, and a mature height of at least four meters (including ornamentals and Christmas trees) (>25% tree canopy cover).


choicedesc:
Earth covered by water in a fluid state.  This includes seasonally frozen areas.


choicedesc:
e.g. corn, soybeans, cotton, tomatoes and other truck crops, tulips


choicedesc:
(<10% trees, <20% shrubs) - includes rangeland used for hayland - bluestems, mixed midgrasses, shortgrass, etc.


choicedesc:
(20 to 50% shrub cover) - sumac, sagebrush, mesquite


choicedesc:
Fescues, bromegrass, timothy, lespedeza, etc.


choicedesc:
Fescues, bromegrass, timothy, alfalfa, etc.


choicedesc:
e.g. apples, pecans, date palms, citrus, ornamental nursery stock, Christmas trees


choicedesc:
Filbert, blueberry, and ornamentals, etc. as nursery stock


choicedesc:
e.g. creosotebush, shrub live oak, sagebrush, mesquite (including rangeland with >50% shrub cover)


choicedesc:
saline seeps, mines, quarries, oil-waste, etc.


choicedesc:
salt flats, slickspots, mud flats, badlands, etc.; excludes those in culturally induced earth cover


choicedesc:
Cities, towns, farmsteads, industrial sites


choicedesc:
Gully erosion is the consequence of water that cuts down into the soil along the line of water concentration and flow.  The resulting channels cannot be obliterated by ordinary tillage operations. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Rill erosion is the removal of soil through the cutting of many small, but conspicuous channels where runoff concentrates.  The channels are shallow enough that they can be obliterated with normal tillage operations. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The more or less uniform removal of soil from an area without the development of conspicuous water channels. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The removal of soil by the formation of subsurface tunnels (often referred to as piping).  Free water enters the soil through macropores such as large desication cracks or rodent burrows. The tunnels tend to enlarge and coelesce.


choicedesc:
No apparent erosion has occurred.  Deposition of soil sediment removed from other areas may have occurred.


choicedesc:
The soil has lost on the average <25% of the original A and/or E horizons, or of the uppermost 20 cm if the original A and/or E horizons were less than 20 cm thick. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The soil has lost, on the average, 25 to 75 percent of the original A and/or E horizons, or of the uppermost 20 cm if the original A and/or E horizons were less than 20 cm thick.


choicedesc:
The soil has lost, on the average, more than 75 percent of the original A and/or E horizon, or of the uppermost 20 cm if the original A and/or E horizons were less than 20 cm thick. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The soil has lost all of the original A and/or E horizons, or the uppermost 20 cm if the original A and/or E horizons were less than 20 cm thick.  Some of the orginal underlying material may have also been removed. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Excavations can be made with a spade using arm-applied pressure only.  Neither application of impact energy nor application of foot pressure is necessary.


choicedesc:
Excavation can be accomplished quite easily by application of impact energy with a spade or by foot applied pressure.


choicedesc:
Excavation with a spade can be accomplished with difficulty. Excavation is easily possible with a full length pick, using an over-the-head swing.


choicedesc:
Excavation with a full length pick using an over-the-head swing is moderately to markedly difficult.  Excavation is possible in a reasonable period of time with a backhoe mounted on a 40 to 60 kW (50-80 hp) tractor.


choicedesc:
Excavation cannot be accomplished in a resonable time period with a  backhoe mounted on a 40 to 60 kW (50-80 hp) tractor.


choicedesc:
The legend and data mapunits to be included in the export file have been appropriately populated, at least in part, but have not been reviewed or certified.  These are advance data, subject to change.  

This certification applies to the whole export package as a single entity.


choicedesc:
The legend and data mapunits to be included in the export file have been appropriately populated and the data have been reviewed.  At least some of the data elements have been certified for use in specific applications.  Other data elements in the export have advance data, subject to change.

This certification applies to the whole export package as a single entity.


choicedesc:
The legend and data mapunits to be included in the export file have been appropriately populated, reviewed, and certified for general use.

This certification applies to the whole export package as a single entity.


choice:
Prime farmland if protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if protected from flooding, or not frequently flooded during the growing season.


choice:
Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding, or not frequenlty flooded during the growing season.


choicedesc:
Prime farmland if irrigated and drained.


choice:
Prime farmland if irrigated and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if irrigated and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season.


choice:
Prime farmland if subsoiled, completely removing the root inhibiting soil layer

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if subsoiled, completely removed the root inhibiting soil layer.


choice:
Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if irrigated and the product of I (soil erodibility) x C (climate factor) does not exceed 60.


choice:
Prime farmland if irrigated and reclaimed of excess salts and sodium

choicedesc:
Prime farmland if irrigated and reclaimed from excess salts and sodium.


choicedesc:
Slowest permeability is 0.6 in/hr or less.  Soils with a muck/peat layer are rated "low".


choicedesc:
Slowest permeability is between 0.6 and 6.0 in/hr.  Soils with a mucky layer are rated "medium" unless the soil has a slowest permeability of less than 0.6 in/hr.  Then the soil is rated "low".


choicedesc:
Slowest permeability is 6.0 in/hr or more.


choicedesc:
Soils with a hydrological group of A, and soils with a hydrological group of B (in their natural, undrained state) that have a permeability of 6.0 in/hr or greater in all of the upper 20 inches of the soil.


choicedesc:
Soils with a hydrological group of C, and soils with a hydrological group of B (in their natural, undrained state) that have a permeability of less than 6.0 in/hr within 20 inches of the soil surface.  Soils that rate low are changed to a rating of medium where the slope is more than 12 percent.


choicedesc:
Soils with a hydrological group of D in their natural, undrained state.  Soils that are frequently flooded during the growing season are rated high.  Soils that rate medium are changed to a rating of high where the slope is more than 8 percent.


choicedesc:
No reasonable possibility of flooding; near 0 percent chance of flooding in any year or less than 1 time in 500 years.


choicedesc:
Flooding is very unlikely but is possible under unusual weather conditions; less than 1 percent chance in any year (less than 1 time in 100 years, but more than 1 time in 500 years).


choicedesc:
Flooding is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions; 1 to 5 percent chance in any year (1 to 5 times in 100 years).


choicedesc:
Flooding is expected infrequently, 5 to 50 percent chance in any year, (5 to 50 times in 100 years).


choicedesc:
Flooding is likely to occur often under usual weather conditions; more than 50 percent chance of flooding in any year or more than 50 times in 100 years, but less than a 50 percent chance of flooding in all months in any year.


choicedesc:
Flooding is likey to occur very often under usual weather conditions; more than 50 percent chance in all months of any year.


choicedesc:
A type of lava flow having a rough, jagged, clinkery surface.  Compare - pahoehoe lava.


choicedesc:
A hard, extremely dense or compact, dull to semivitreous, cryptocrystalline sedimentary rock, consisting dominantly of interlocking crystals of quartz less than about 30 mm in diameter; it may contain amorphous silica (opal).  It sometimes contains impurities such as calcite, iron oxide, or the remains of silicious and other organisims.  It has a tough, splintery to conchoidal fracture and may be white or variously colored gray, green, blue, pink, red, yellow, brown, and black.  Chet  occurs principally as nodular or concretionary segregations in limestones and dolomites.


choicedesc:
Uncemented vitric, vesicular, pyroclastic material, more than 2.0 mm in at least one dimension, with an apparent specific gravity (including vesicles) of more than 1.0 and less than 2.0.  Compare - ash [volcanic], block [volcanic], lapilli, tephra.


choicedesc:
A coarse-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subangular rock fragments larger than 2 mm, commonly with a matrix of sand and finer material; cements include silica, calcium carbonate, and iron oxides.  The consolidated equivalent of gravel.


choicedesc:
A carbonate sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more than 50 percent by weight or by areal percentages under the microscope) of the mineral dolomite.


choicedesc:
Rock formed by solidification from a molten or partially molten state; major varieties include plutonic and volcanic rocks.  Examples: andesite, basalt, granite.  Compare - intrusive, extrusive.


choicedesc:
Non or slightly vesicular pyroclastics, 2.0 to 76 mm in at least one dimension, with an apparent specific gravity of 2.0 or more.  Compare - ash [volcanic], block [volcanic], cinders, tephra.


choicedesc:
A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more than 50 percent) of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of calcite.  Limestones are usually formed by a combination of organic and inorganic processes and include chemical and clastic (soluble and insoluble) constituents; many contain fossils.


choicedesc:
An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in approximately equal proportions (35 to 65 percent of each); formed primarily under freshwater lacustrine conditions, but varieties associated with more saline environments also occur.


choicedesc:
Rock of any origin altered in mineralogical composition, chemical composition, or structure by heat, pressure, and movement at depth in the earth's crust.  Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.  Examples: schist, gneiss, quartzite, slate, marble.


choice:
Mixed igneous and metamorphic rock fragments


choice:
Mixed igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock fragments


choice:
Mixed igneous and sedimentary rock fragments


choice:
Mixed metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments


choicedesc:
A type of basaltic lava flow having a smooth, billowy or rope-like surface.


choicedesc:
A light-colored, vesicular, glassy rock commonly having the composition of rhyolite.  It commonly has a specific gravity of < 1.0 and is thereby sufficiently buoyant to float on water.


choicedesc:
Fragmental materials produced by usually explosive, aerial ejection of clastic particles from a volcanic vent.  Such materials may accumulate on land or under water.


choicedesc:
Sedimentary rock containing dominantly sand-size clastic particles.


choicedesc:
Vesicular, cindery crust or bomb-sized fragments of such material on the surface of andesitic or basaltic lava, the vesicular nature of which is due to the escape of volcanic gases before solidification; it is usually heavier, darker, and more crystalline than pumice.  Synonym - cinder.


choicedesc:
A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates, and organic remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under "normal" low temperature and pressure conditions.  Sedimentary rocks include consolidated equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, marine deposits; e.g., sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, clay-stone, shale, conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, coal, etc.


choicedesc:
Sedimentary rock formed by induration of a clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam deposit and having the tendency to split into thin layers, i.e., fissility.


choicedesc:
Sedimentary rock containing dominantly silt-size clastic particles.


choicedesc:
A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash and dust


choicedesc:
Strongly developed faces with sharp edges (SSM).


choicedesc:
Detectable flat faces with well-rounded corners (SSM).


choicedesc:
Flat faces absent or nearly absent with all corners rounded (SSM).


choicedesc:
default choice, official choices to be determined later


choicedesc:
A geomorphic component (characteristic piece) of flat plains (e.g., lake plain, low coastal plain, low-relief till plain) consisting of a shallow and typically closed depression that tends to be an area of focused groundwater recharge but not a permanent water body and that lies slightly lower and is wetter than the adjacent talf, and favors the accumulation of fine sediments and organic materials.  SW


choicedesc:
A geomorphic component of flat plains (e.g., lake plain, low coastal plain, low-gradient till plain) consisting of a slightly elevated but low, broad area with low slope gradients (e.g. 1-3 % slopes); typically a microfeature but can be fairly extensive.  Commonly soils on a rise are better drained than those on the surrounding talf.  Compare - talf.  SW


choicedesc:
A geomorphic component of flat plains (e.g., lake plain, low coastal plain, low-gradient till plain) consisting of an essentially flat (e.g. 0-1 % slopes) and broad area dominated by closed depressions and a non-integrated or poorly integrated drainage system.  Precipitation tends to pond locally and lateral transport is slow both above and below ground, which favors the accumulation of soil organic matter and a retention of fine earth sediments; better drained soils are commonly adjacent to drainageways.  Compare - rise.  SW


choicedesc:
An elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those drainageways.


choicedesc:
The concave surface at the head of a drainageway where the flow of water converges downward toward the center and contour lines form concave curves.


choicedesc:
The projecting end of an interfluve, where contour lines connecting the opposing side slopes form convex curves around the projecting end and lines perpendicular to the contours diverge downward.  Overland flow of water is divergent.


choicedesc:
The slope bounding a drainageway and lying between the drainageway and the adjacent interfluve.  It is generally linear along the slope width and overland flow is parallel down the slope.


choicedesc:
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear slope (perpendicular to the contour) which, regardless of the lateral shape is an area that forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvial and slope wash processes and sediments (e.g., colluvium and slope alluvium).  Distal base slope sediments commonly grade to, or interfinger with, alluvial fills, or gradually thin to form pedisediment over residuum.  Compare - head slope, side slope, nose slope, interfluve, free face.  SW


choicedesc:
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the convex slopes (perpendicular to the contour) that form the narrow, roughly linear top area of a hill, ridge, or other upland where shoulders have converged to the extent that little or no summit remains; dominated by erosion, slope wash and mass movement processes and sediments (e.g., slope alluvium, creep).  Commonly, soils on crests are more similar to those on side slopes than to soils on adjacent interfluves.  Compare - interfluve, head slope, side slope, nose slope.  SW


choicedesc:
The part of a hillside or mountainside consisting of an outcrop of bare rock (scarp or cliff) that sheds colluvium to slopes below and commonly stands more steeply than the angle of repose of the colluvial slope (e.g. talus slope) immediately below. SW &  GG


choicedesc:
The vertical or steeply sloping surface, commonly one of a series, of natural steplike landforms, as those of a glacial stairway or of successive stream terraces.


choicedesc:
The flat or gently sloping surface of natural step-like landforms, commonly one of a series, such as successive stream terraces.


choicedesc:
The topographically highest hillslope position of a hillslope profile and exhibiting a nearly level (planar or only slightly convex) surface.


choicedesc:
The hillslope position that forms the uppermost inclined surface near the top of a hillslope.  If present, it comprises the transition zone from backslope to summit.  The surface is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in origin.


choicedesc:
The hillslope profile position that forms the steepest and generally linear, middle portion of the slope.  In profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a convex shoulder above and a concave footslope below.  They may or may not include cliff segments (i.e. free faces).  Backslopes are commonly erosional forms produced by mass movement, colluvial action, and running water.


choicedesc:
The hillslope position that forms the inner, gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope.  In profile, footslopes are commonly concave.  It is a transition zone between upslope sites of erosion and transport (shoulder, backslope) and downslope sites of deposition (toeslope).


choicedesc:
The hillslope position that forms the gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope.  Toeslopes in profile are commonly gentle and linear, and are constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a hill-slope continuum that grades to valley or closed-depression floors.


choicedesc:
Highly decomposed organic matter. This symbol is used with O to indicate the most highly decomposed organic materials, which have a rubbed fiber content of less than 17 percent of the volume.


choicedesc:
Buried genetic horizon.  This symbol is used in mineral soils to indicate identifiable buried horizons with major genetic features that were developed before burial.  Genetic horizons may or may not have formed in the overlying material, which may be either like or unlike the assumed parent material of the buried soil.  This symbol is not used in organic soils or to separate an organic from a mineral layer.


choicedesc:
Concretions or nodules. This symbol indicates a significant accumulation of concretions or nodules.  Cementation is required, but the cementing agent is not specified, except that it cannot be silica.  This symbol is not used if the concretions or nodules consist of dolomite or calcite or more soluble salts, but it is used if the nodules or concretions are enriched with minerals that contain iron, aluminum, manganese, or titanium.


choicedesc:
Used only with the master designation L to indicate a layer dominated by coprogenous material.


choicedesc:
Physical root restriction.  This symbol indicates root-restricting layers in naturally occurring or man-made unconsolidated sediments or materials, such as dense basal till, plow pans, and other mechanically compacted zones.


choicedesc:
Used only with the master designation L to indicate a layer dominated by diatomaceous earth.


choicedesc:
Organic material of intermediate decomposition.  This symbol is used with O to indicate organic materials of intermediate decomposition.  Their rubbed fiber content is 17 to 40 percent (by volume).


choicedesc:
Frozen soil or water.  This symbol indicates that a horizon or layer contains permanent ice.  The symbol is not used for seasonally frozen layers or for so-called dry permafrost (material that is colder than OC but does not contain ice).


choicedesc:
Dry permafrost.  Used in layers or horizons that are colder than 0 degrees C, but do not contain ice.  It is not used for layers or horizons that have seasonal temperatures below 0 degrees C.  The f suffix is used for layers or horizons that contain permanent ice.


choicedesc:
Strong gleying.  This symbol indicates either that iron has been reduced and removed during soil formation, or that saturation with stagnant water has preserved it in a reduced state.  Most of the affected layers have a chroma of 2 or less, and many have redox concentrations.  The low chroma can represent either the color of reduced iron or the color of uncoated sand and silt particles from which iron has been removed.  The symbol g is not used for materials of low chroma that have no history of wetness, such as some shales or E horizons.  If g is used with B, pedogenic change in addition to gleying is implied.  If no other pedogenic change besides gleying has taken place, the horizon is designated Cg.


choicedesc:
Illuvial accumulation of organic matter.  This symbol is used with B to indicate the accumulation of illuvial, amorphous, dispersible organic-matter-sesquioxide complexes if the sesquioxide component is dominated by aluminum but is present only in very small quantities.  The organo-sesquioxide material coats sand and silt particles.  In some horizons, these coatings have coalesced, filled pores, and cemented the horizon.  The symbol h is also used in combination with s as "Bhs" if the amount of sesquioxide component is significant but the color value and chroma, moist, of the horizon is 3 or less.


choicedesc:
Slightly decomposed organic material.  This symbol is used with O to indicate the least decomposed of the organic materials.  Its rubbed fiber content is 40 percent or more (by volume).


choicedesc:
Indicates an accumulation of jarosite.  Jarosite is a potassium or sodium iron sulfate mineral that is commonly an alteration product of pyrite upon exposure in an oxidizing environment.  In tidal marshes it is associated with extreme acidity.  Jarosite is easily recognized by its yellowish apperance, often a hue of 2.5Y or yellower and a chroma of 6 or more, although chroma as low as 3 or 4 have been reported.


choicedesc:
Indicates evidence of cyroturbation.  Cryoturbation includes frost stirring, freezing and thawing, and mounding and fissuring.  Soils with cryoturbation often feature thermokarst, ground-ice formation, and patterned ground.  Cryoturbation commonly is manifested by irregular and broken boundaries, sorting of rock fragments, and organic matter in the lower boundaries, especially along the boundary between the active layer and the permafrost table.  The jj suffix can be used with master horizons A, B, or C.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of carbonates.  This symbol indicates an accumulation of alkaline-earth carbonates, commonly calcium carbonate.


choicedesc:
Cementation or induration.  This symbol indicates continuous or nearly continuous cementation.  It is used only for horizons that are more than 90 percent cemented, although they may be fractured.  The cemented layer is physically root-restrictive.  The predominant cementing agent (or the two dominant cementing agents) may be indicated by using defined letter suffixes, singly or in pairs.


choicedesc:
Used only with the master designation L to indicate a layer dominated by marl.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of sodium.  This symbol indicates an accumulation of exchangeable sodium.


choicedesc:
This symbol indicates a residual accumulation of sesquioxides.


choicedesc:
Tillage or other disturbance.  This symbol indicates a disturbance of the surface layer by mechanical means, pasturing, or similar uses.  A disturbed organic horizon is designated Op.  A disturbed mineral horizon is designated Ap even though it is clearly a former E, B, or C horizon.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of silica.  This symbol indicates an accumulation of secondary silica.


choicedesc:
Weathered or soft bedrock.  This symbol is used with C to indicate root-restrictive layers of saprolite such as weathered igneous rock, or of soft bedrock such as partly consolidated sandstone, siltstone, and shale.  Excavation difficulty is low to high.


choicedesc:
Illuvial accumulation of sesquioxides and organic matter.  This symbol is used with B to indicate an accumulation of illuvial, amorphous, dispersible organic-matter-sesquioxide complexes if both the organic-matter and sesquioxide components are significant, and if either the color value or chroma, moist, of the horizon is 4 or more.  The symbol is also used in combination with "h" as "Bhs" if both the organic-matter and sesquioxide components are significant, and if the color value and chroma, moist, is 3 or less.


choicedesc:
This symbol indicates the presence of slickensides.  Slickensides result directly from the swelling of clay minerals and shear failure, commonly at angles of 20 to 60 degrees above horizontal.  They are indicators that other vertic characteristics, such as wedge-shaped peds and surface cracks, may be present. of slickensides.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of silicate clay.  This symbol indicates an accumulation of silicate clay that has either formed and subsequently been translocated within the horizon or has been moved into the horizon by illuviation, or both.  At least some part of the horizon should show evidence of clay accumulation either as coatings on surfaces of peds or in pores, or as lamellae or as bridges between mineral grains.


choicedesc:
Plinthite.  This symbol indicates the presence of iron-rich, humus-poor reddish material that is firm or very firm when moist and hardens irreversibly when exposed to the atmosphere and to repeated wetting and drying.


choicedesc:
Development of color or structure.  This symbol is used with B to indicate the development of color or structure, or both, with little or no apparent illuvial accumulation of material.  It should not be used to indicate a transitional horizon.


choicedesc:
Fragipan character.  This symbol indicates a genetically developed layer that has a combination of firmness, brittleness, and commonly a higher bulk density than adjacent layers.  Some part of the layer is physically root-restrictive.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of gypsum.  This symbol indicates a gypsum accumulation.


choicedesc:
Accumulation of salts more soluble than gypsum.  This symbol indicates an accumulation of salts that are more soluble than gypsum.


choicedesc:
Layers dominated by organic material.  Some are saturated with water for long periods, or were once saturated but are now artificially drained; others have never been saturated.


choicedesc:
Mineral horizons which have formed at the surface or below an O horizon; they exhibit obliteration of all or much of the original rock structure1 and show one or both of the following: (1) an accumulation of humified organic matter intimately mixed with the mineral fraction and not dominated by properties characteristic of E or B horizons (defined below), or (2) properties resulting from cultivation, pasturing, or similar kinds of disturbance.


choicedesc:
Mineral horizons in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, or aluminum, or some combination of these, leaving a concentration of sand and silt particles.  These horizons exhibit obliteration of all or much of the original rock structure.


choicedesc:
Horizons which have formed below an A, E, or O horizon; they are dominated by the obliteration of all or much of the original rock structure and show one or more of the following:

(1) Illuvial concentration of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, humus, carbonates, gypsum, or silica, alone or in combination;
(2) Evidence of removal of carbonates;
(3) Residual concentration of sesquioxides;
(4) Coatings of sesquioxides that make the horizon conspicuously lower in color value, higher in chroma, or redder in hue, without apparent illuviation of iron, than overlying and underlying horizons;
(5) Alteration which forms silicate clay or liberates oxides, or both, and which forms a granular, blocky, or prismatic structure if volume changes accompany changes in moisture content; or
(6) Brittleness.


choicedesc:
Horizons or layers, excluding hard bedrock, that are little affected by pedogenic processes and lack the properties of O, A, E, or B horizons.  Most are mineral layers.  The material of C layers may be either like or unlike the material from which the solum has presumably formed.  The Chorizon may have been modified, even if there is no evidence of pedogenesis.


choicedesc:
Horizons dominated by properties of one master horizon but having subordinate properties of another. The first of these symbols indicates that the properties of the horizon so designated dominate the transitional horizon.  An AB horizon, for example, has characteristics of both an overlying A horizon and an underlying B horizon, but it is more like the A than like the B.


choicedesc:
Horizons with two distinct parts that have recognizable properties of the two kinds of master horizons indicated by the capital letters. Most of the individual parts of one horizon component are surrounded by the other.


choicedesc:
Horizons that are composed of lamellae that are separated from each other by eluvial layers.


choicedesc:
A horizon designation that will only be used for conversion from SSSD layers to NASIS horizons.  This designation should never be used aside for this one purpose.


choicedesc:
Layers dominated by limnic material.  The limnic materials can be either mineral or organic.  One and only one of the suffixes ma, co, or di are used with the L designation.


choicedesc:
All components are hydric and no components are unranked.


choicedesc:
All components are not hydric and no components are unranked.


choicedesc:
Some components are hydric and some components are not hydric.


choicedesc:
No components are hydric and some or all components are not ranked.


choice:
Neither wooded nor farmable under natural conditions

choicedesc:
Neither wooded nor farmable under natural conditions.


choicedesc:
All Histels except Folistels, and all Histosols except Folists.


choicedesc:
Soils in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, Pachic subgroups, or Cumulic subgroups that are somewhat poorly drained with a water table equal to 0.0 foot (ft) from the surface during the growing season.


choicedesc:
Soils in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, Pachic subgroups, or Cumulic subgroups that are poorly drained or very poorly drained and have a water table equal to 0.0 ft during the growing season if textures are coarse sand, sand, or fine sand in all layers within 20 inches.


choicedesc:
Soils in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, Pachic subgroups, or Cumulic subgroups that are poorly drained or very poorly drained and have a water table at less than or equal to 0.5 ft from the surface during the growing season if permeability is equal to or greater than  6.0 in/hour (h) in all layers within 20 inches.


choicedesc:
Soils in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, Pachic subgroups, or Cumulic subgroups that are poorly drained or very poorly drained and have water table* at less than or equal to 1.0 ft from the surface during the growing season if permeability is less than 6.0 in/h in any layer within 20 inches.


choicedesc:
Soils that are frequently ponded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season.


choicedesc:
Soils that are frequently flooded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season.


choicedesc:
Low runoff potential when drained and high runoff potential undrained.


choicedesc:
Moderately low runoff potential when drained and high runoff potential undrained.


choicedesc:
Moderately high runoff potential when drained and high runoff potential undrained.


choicedesc:
Data in the legend object, including some mapunits, correlation notes, or area overlaps, have been created but are not fully populated or the data are preliminary and incomplete.  The data are subject to major changes.  A legend with this status should not be interpreted, exported, or used by other applications.

Note that this certification status applies to only the legend object.


choicedesc:
The data in the legend object, including mapunits, correlation notes, and area overlaps, have been created and have been appropriately populated, but data have not been reviewed or certified.  These are advance data, subject to change.

Note that this certification status applies to only the legend object.


choicedesc:
The data in the legend object, including mapunits, correlation notes, and area overlaps, have been appropriately populated and the data have been reviewed.  At least some of the data elements have been certified for use in specific applications.  Other data elements in the object have advance data, subject to change.

Note that this certification status applies to only the legend object.


choicedesc:
The data in the legend object, including mapunits, correlation notes, and area overlaps, have been appropriately populated, reviewed, and certified for general use.

Note, that this certification status applies to only the legend object.


choicedesc:
The legend has been completely replaced by another legend for the survey area.  Typically this legend has an out-of-date operational soil survey status and another survey legend completely covers the geographic area served by this legend.


choicedesc:
The legend is up-to-date for only part of the geographic area it covers.  Another legend is up-to-date for the remaining area.  Typically occurs where an update survey is on-going in a survey area or where a more recent survey covers part of the geographic area.


choicedesc:
The legend is up-to-date wherever it has been mapped in the survey area.  If the survey area is completely mapped, the legend applies over the entire geographic area.  If the mapping is on-going, the legend is up-to-date where mapping has been completed.


choicedesc:
Text entries that include the text of the original MOU for the survey and any amendments to the MOU.


choicedesc:
Text entries related to certification of this legend.  For example, statements of prior survey and legend-wide join statements.


choicedesc:
Text entries related to initial, progress, and final field reviews.  For example, the general text part of a progress field review that applies to the entire legend.


choicedesc:
Text entries related to correlation concerns that affect the entire legend.


choicedesc:
Text entries not relate to any of the other choices.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is either true or false (or yes or no, or on or off).


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is restricted to a finite set choices.  Typically the set of choices is a set of unique character strings, although the set may also be a set of unique numbers.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is either a date, a time, or a range that encompasses both date and time.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is a floating point (real) number.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is an integer (whole) number.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is a combination of dollars and cents, where cents are represented as the decimal part of the numeric value.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is a string of printable characters.  Nonprinting control characters such as "tab" and "paragraph break" cannot be part of such a string.


choicedesc:
The value of such an attribute is a string of characters that includes both printable characters and control characters such as "tab" and "paragraph break".


choicedesc:
The speciman retains its size and shape (no deformation) until it rupture abruptly into subunits or fragments. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Deformation occurs prior to rupture.  Cracks develop and the speciman ruptures before compression to half its original thickness. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The speciman can be compressed to half its original thickness without rupture.  Radial cracks may appear and extend inward less than half the radius normal to compression. (SSM)


choicedesc:
None of the speciman flows through the fingers after exerting full compression. (SSM)


choicedesc:
After exerting full compression, some of the speciman flows through the fingers, but most remains in the palm of the hand.


choicedesc:
After exerting full compression, most of the speciman flows through the fingers; a small residue remains in the palm of the hand.


choicedesc:
Under very gentle pressure most of the speciman flows through the fingers like a slightly viscous fluid; very little or no residue remains in the palm of the hand. (SSM)


choicedesc:
At failure, the speciman does not chage suddenly to a fluid, the fingers do not skid, and no smearing occurs. (SSM)


choicedesc:
At failure, the speciman changes suddenly to fluid, the fingers skid, and the soil smears.  Afterward, little or no free water remains on the fingers. (SSM)


choicedesc:
At failure, the speciman changes suddenly to fluid, the fingers skid, and the soil smears.  Afterward, some free water can be seen on the fingers. (SSM)


choicedesc:
At failure, the speciman suddenly changes to fluid, the fingers skid, the soil smears, and is very slippery.  Afterward, free water is easliy seen on the fingers. (SSM)


choicedesc:
The map unit object has been created, but is not populated or the data are preliminary and incomplete.  The data are subject to major changes.  A map unit with this status should not be interpreted, exported, or used by other applications.


choicedesc:
The data in the map unit object have been created and have been appropriately populated, at least in part, but the data have not been reviewed or certified.  Data in some data elements in these tables may be more complete than in others.  These are advance data, subject to change.


choicedesc:
The data in the map unit object have been appropriately populated and the data have been reveiwed.  At least some of the data elements have been certified for use in specific applications.  Other data elements in the object have advance data, subject to change.


choicedesc:
The data in the map unit object have been appropriately populated, reviewed, and certified for general use.


choicedesc:
Two or more dissimilar soils that occur in a regularly repeating pattern that could have been separated at the scale of field mapping, but were not separated due to the intended purpose of the survey.


choicedesc:
Two or more dissimilar soils that occur in a regularly repeating pattern, that cannot be separated at the scale of field mapping.


choicedesc:
At least seventy-five percent (75%) of the map unit is within the range of the soil providing the name of the unit, and closely similar soils.


choicedesc:
Two or more similar soils that are not always geographically associated, and are mapped together due to them having the same or very similar use and management concerns.


choicedesc:
A map unit used by the soil survey party leader, but that have not been officially approved for use.


choicedesc:
A map unit on the current, signed field review report for the survey area.


choicedesc:
A map unit on the signed final correlation document.


choicedesc:
A map unit that has been used in the soil survey area, but that has been combined with another unit in the survey.


choicedesc:
Text entries about correlation concerns related to this mapunit, not including mapunit name or status changes.


choicedesc:
Map unit descriptions typically used in a descriptive legend.


choicedesc:
Map unit descriptions converted from SSSD and downloaded to FOCS.


choicedesc:
Text entries related to certification of mapunits.


choicedesc:
A generic microrelief term applied to slightly elevated areas relative to the adjacent ground surface; changes in relief range from several centimeters to several meters; crossectional profiles can be simple or complex and generally consist of gently rounded, convex tops with gently sloping sides.


choicedesc:
A generic microrelief term applied to slightly lower areas relative to the adjacent ground surface; changes in relief range from several centimeters to several meters; ; crossectional profiles can be simple or complex and generally consist of subdued, concave, open or closed depressions with gently sloping sides.


choicedesc:
Deep, loamy, well drained and moderately well drained soils with few management limitations.


choicedesc:
Deep, loamy or sandy, well drained or moderately well drained soils with few management limitations.


choicedesc:
Deep, sandy and gravelly, excessively drained through moderately well drained outwash soils with few management limitations.


choicedesc:
Diverse group of soils, generally groups IA and IB soils that have management limitations.


choicedesc:
Generally unproductive soils or miscellaneous areas.


choicedesc:
Less than 0.35 of the 15 bar water retention.


choicedesc:
0.35 to 0.8 of the 15 bar water retention.


choicedesc:
0.8 to 1.0 of the 15 bar water retention.


choicedesc:
<1.0 kPa, or <0.5 for coarse soils, (<0.01 bar or 0.005 for coarse soils) suction.


choicedesc:
=>0.01 to 1.0 (0.5 for coarse soils) kPA suction, (=>0.00001 bar to 0.01 bar, 0.005 for coarse soils).  Water films are visible, sand grains and peds glisten, but no free water is present.


choicedesc:
<0.01 kPa (<0.00001 bar)  suction; free water present.


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated clastic material subaerially deposited by running water, including gravel, sand, silt, clay, and various mixtures of these.


choicedesc:
A highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flank of a volcano or along the surface of the ground; produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic crater, or by the explosive emission of gas-charged ash from a fissure or group of fissures.  The solid materials contained in a typical ash flow are generally unsorted and ordinarily include volcanic dust, pumice, scoria, and blocks in addition to ash.


choicedesc:
Uncemented vitric, vesicular, pyroclastic material, more than 2.0 mm in at least one dimension, with an apparent specific gravity (including vesicles) of more than 1.0 and less than 2.0.


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited on sideslopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g. direct gravitational action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff.


choicedesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (complex landslide deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a composite of several mass movement processes none of which dominates or leaves a prevailing landform.  Numerous types of complex landslides can be specified by naming the constituent processes evident (e.g. a complex earth spread - earth flow landslide).  Compare - fall, topple, slide, lateral spread, flow, landslide.  SW &  DV


choicedesc:
Sediment resulting from slow mass movement of earth material down slopes, caused by gravity but facilitated by saturation with water and alternate freezing and thawing.


choicedesc:
Sediment resulting from the very rapid and usually sudden sliding and flow of incoherent, unsorted mixtures of soil and weathered bedrock.


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris fall deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a rapid type of fall involving the relatively free, downslope movement or collapse of detached, unconsolidated material which falls freely through the air (lacks an underlying slip face); sediments have substantial proportions of both fine earth and coarse fragments; common along undercut stream banks.  Compare - rock fall, soil fall, landslide.  SW


choicedesc:
Sediment resulting from a mass movement of rock fragments, soil, mud, more than half of the particles being larger than sand size.


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris spread deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a very rapid type of spread dominated by lateral movement in a soil and rock mass resulting from liquefaction or plastic flow of underlying materials that may be extruded out between intact units; sediments have substantial proportions of both fine earth and coarse fragments.  Compare - earth spread, rock spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris topple deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a localized, very rapid type of topple in which large blocks of soil and rock material literally fall over, rotating outward over a low pivot point;  sediments have substantial proportions of both fine earth and coarse fragments.  Portions of the original material may remain intact, although reoriented, within the resulting debris pile.  Compare - earth topple, rock topple, landslide.  SW


choicedesc:
A nonlithified, nonsorted or poorly sorted sediment that contains a wide range of particle sizes, such as coarse fragments contained within a fine earth matrix (e.g. till, pebbly mudstone) and used when


choicedesc:
A general term applied to all mineral material (clay, silt, sand, gravel, boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice, or by running water emanating from a glacier.  Drift includes unstratified material (till) that forms moraines, and stratified deposits that form outwash plains, eskers, kames, varves, and glaciofluvial sediments.  The term is generally applied to Pleistocene glacial deposits in areas that no longer contain glaciers.


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (earth spread deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a very rapid type of spread dominated by lateral movement in a soil mass resulting from liquefaction or plastic flow of underlying materials that may be extruded out between intact units.  Compare - debris spread, rock spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (earth topple deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a localized, very rapid type of topple in which large blocks of soil material literally fall over, rotating outward over a low pivot point; sediments < 2 mm predominate.  Portions of the original material may remain intact, although reoriented, within the resulting deposit.  Compare - debris topple, rock topple, landslide.  SW


choicedesc:
Material transported and deposited by the wind.  Includes earth materials such as dune sands, sand sheets, loess deposits, and clay (e.g. parna).


choicedesc:
Material transported and deposited by the wind, dominated by particles of sand-size (0.05-2 mm).


choicedesc:
(a) A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (fall deposit), or resultant landforms (e.g., rockfall, debris fall, soil fall) characterized by very rapid movement of a mass of rock or earth that travels mostly through the air by free fall, leaping, bounding, or rolling, with little or no interaction between one moving unit and another.  Compare - topple, slide, lateral spread, flow, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & DV;   (b) The mass of material moved by a fall.  GG


choicedesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (flow deposit) and landforms characterized by slow to very rapid downslope movement of unconsolidated material which, whether saturated or comparatively dry, behaves much as a viscous fluid as it moves. Types of flows can be specified based on the dominant particle size of sediments (i.e. debris flow (e.g., lahar), earth flow (creep, mudflow), rock fragment flow (e.g., rockfall avalanche), debris avalanche]. Compare - fall, topple, slide, lateral spread, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
Stratified materials (clay, silt, sand, or gravel) formed by both marine and fluvial processes, resulting from sea level flucuations and stream migration (i.e. materials originally deposited in a nearshore environment and subsequently reworked by fluvial processes as sea level fell, or vice versa as sea level rose).


choicedesc:
Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice.  The deposits are stratified and may occur in the form of outwash plains, valley trains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame terraces.


choicedesc:
Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited in glacial lakes by water originating mainly from the melting of glacial ice.  Many are bedded or laminated with varves or rhythmites.


choicedesc:
Glacially eroded, terrestrially derived sediments (clay, silt, sand, and gravel) that accumulated on the ocean floor.  Sediments may be accumulated as an ice-contact deposit, by fluvial transport, ice-rafting, or eolian transport.


choicedesc:
a) An unconsolidated, near-shore marine sediment containing substantial amounts of dark greenish glauconite pellets, often mingled with clay or sand (quartz may form the dominant constituent); prominent in Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal plain strata of New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland; has been commercially mined for potassium fertilizer.  The term is loosely applied to any glauconitic sediment.  b)  (Not Preferred - use glauconitic sandstone)  A sandstone consisting of greensand that is commonly poorly cemented, and has a greenish color when unweathered but an orange or yellow color when weathered.  Compare - glauconite pellets.  SW


choicedesc:
The fragmental products of in situ granular disintegration of granite and granitic rocks, dominated by inter-crystal disintegration.


choicedesc:
Clastic sediments and chemical precipitates deposited in lakes.


choicedesc:
A term for a mass movement landform and a process characterized by a mudflow composed chiefly of volcaniclastic materials on or near the flank of a volcano.  The debris carried in the flow includes pyroclastic material, blocks from primary lava flows, and epiclastic material.


choicedesc:
Non or slightly vesicular pyroclastics, 2.0 to 76 mm in at least one dimension, with an apparent specific gravity of 2.0 or more.


choicedesc:
Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting predominantly of silt size.


choicedesc:
Noncalcareous material transported and deposited by wind and consisting predominantly of silt size (0.002-0.05 mm).


choicedesc:
- An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in approximately equal proportions (35 to 65 percent of each); formed primarily under freshwater lacustrine conditions, but varieties associated with more saline environments also occur.


choicedesc:
Sediment resulting from the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material as a unit under direct gravitational stress.  The process includes slow displacements such as creep and solifluction, and rapid movements such as landslides, rock slides, and falls, earthflows, debris flows, and avalanches.  Agents of fluid transport (water, ice, air) may play an important, if subordinate role in the process.


choicedesc:
(a) Stratified detritus (chiefly sand and gravel) removed or "washed out" from a glacier by melt-water streams and deposited in front of or beyond the end moraine or the margin of an active glacier.  The coarser material is deposited nearer to the ice.


choicedesc:
A term used, especially in southeast Australia, for silt and sand-sized aggregates of eolian clay occurring in sheets.


choicedesc:
A layer of sediment, eroded from the shoulder and back slope of an erosional slope, that lies on and is, or was, being transported across a pediment.


choicedesc:
A fast density current of pyroclastic material, usually very hot, composed of a mixture of gasses and a variety of pyroclastic particles (ash, pumice, scoria, lava fragments, etc.); produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic crater or by the explosive emission of gas-charged ash from a fissure and which tends to follow topographic lows (e.g. valleys) as it moves; used in a more general sense than ash flow.  Compare - pyroclastic surge, ash flow, nue ardente, lahar.  SW, SN, GG


choicedesc:
A low density, dilute, turbulent pyroclastic flow, usually very hot, composed of a generally unsorted mixture of gases, ash, pumice and dense rock fragments that travels across the ground at high speed and less constrained by topography than a pyroclastic flow; several types of pyroclastic surges can be specified (e.g. base surge, ash-cloud-surge).  Compare - pyroclastic flow.  SW, SN, GG


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated, weathered, or partly weathered mineral material that accumulates by disintegration of bedrock in place.


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (rock spread deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a very rapid type of spread dominated by lateral movement in a rock mass resulting from liquefaction or plastic flow of underlying materials that may be extruded out between intact units; rock bodies predominate.  Compare - debris spread, earth spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (rock topple deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a localized, very rapid type of fall in which large blocks of rock material literally fall over, rotating outward over a low pivot point; rock bodies predominate (little fine earth).  Portions of the original material may remain intact, although reoriented, within the resulting deposit.  Compare - earth topple, debris topple, landslide.  SW


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (rotational debris slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely unconsolidated earthy material, portions of which remain largely intact and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, concave shear surface and resulting in a backward rotation of the displaced mass; sediments have substantial proportions of both fine earth and coarse fragments.  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare - rotational earth slide, rotational rock slide, translational slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (rotational earth slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely unconsolidated earthy material, portions of which remain largely intact and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, concave shear surface and resulting in a backward rotation of the displaced mass; sediments predominantly fine earth (< 2 mm).  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare - rotational debris slide, rotational rock slide, translational slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (rotational rock slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely consolidated rock bodies, portions of which remain largely intact but reoriented, and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, concave shear surface and resulting in a backward rotation of the displaced mass.  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare - rotational debris slide, rotational earth slide, translational slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
An accumlation of sediment resulting from a mass movement and a process characterized by a slide in which shearing takes place on a well defined, curved shear surface, concave upward, producing a backward rotation in the displaced mass.


choicedesc:
A flow of wet sand, as along banks of noncohesive clean sand that is subject to scour and to repeated fluctuations in pore-water pressure due to rise and fall of the tide.  GG


choicedesc:
- (Provisional definition)  Soft, friable, isovolumetrically weathered bedrock that retains the fabric and structure of the parent rock (Colman and Dethier, 1986) exhibiting extensive inter-crystal and intra-crystal weathering.  

In pedology, saprolite was formerly applied to any unconsolidated residual material underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock below.


choicedesc:
A collective term for an accumulation of coarse rock debris or a sheet of coarse debris mantling a slope.  Scree is not a synonym of talus, as scree includes loose, coarse fragment material on slopes without cliffs.


choicedesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (slide deposit) or resultant landforms (e.g., rotational slide, translational slide, and snowslide) characterized by a failure of earth, snow, or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces that are either visible or may reasonably be inferred.  The moving mass may or may not be greatly deformed, and movement may be rotational (rotational slide) or planar (translational slide).    A slide can result from lateral erosion, lateral pressure, weight of overlying material, accumulation of moisture, earthquakes, expansion owing to freeze-thaw of water in cracks, regional tilting, undermining, fire, and human agencies.  Compare -fall, topple, lateral spread, flow, complex landslide.  SW & DV  (b) The track of bare rock or furrowed earth left by a slide.  (c) The mass of material moved in or deposited by a slide.  Compare - fall, flow, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & GG


choicedesc:
Sediment gradually transported on mountain or hill slopes primarily by alluvial processes and characterized by particle sorting.  In a profile sequence, sediments may be distinguished by differences in size and/or specific gravity of coarse fragments and may be separated by stone lines.  Sorting of rounded or subrounded pebbles or cobbles and burnished peds distinguish these materials from unsorted colluvial deposits.


choicedesc:
TheA mass of material torn away as a coherent unit during a landslide; a largely intact but displaced and commonly reoriented body of rock or soil.  SW & GG


choicedesc:
A deposit of nonsorted, water-saturated, locally derived earthy material that is moving or has moved downslope, en masse, caused by the melting of seasonal frost or permafrost.


choicedesc:
Rock fragments of any size or shape (usually coarse and angular) derived from and lying at the base of a cliff or very steep rock slope.  The accumulated mass of such loose broken rock formed chiefly by falling, rolling, or sliding.


choicedesc:
A collective term for all clastic volcanic materials that are ejected from a vent during an eruption and transported through the air, including ash [volcanic ], blocks [volcanic], cinders, lapilli, scoria, and pumice.  Tephra is a general term which, unlike many volcaniclastic terms, does not denote properties of composition, visicularity, or grain size.


choicedesc:
A general term for loose, relatively permeable material deposited during the downwasting of nearly static glacial ice, either contained within or accumulated on the surface of the glacier.


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated material of mixed composition deposited at the base (bottom) of a glacier [ The term emphaizes the e.g. subglacial till.  Types of basal till include lodgement, melt-out, and flow till.


choicedesc:
A supraglacial till that is modified and transported by mass flow.


choicedesc:
A basal till commonly characterized by compact, fissile ("platy")  structure and containing coarse fragments oriented with their long axes generally parallel to the direction of ice movement.


choicedesc:
Till derived from slow melting of debris-rich stagnant ice buried beneath sufficient overburden to inhibit deformation under gravity, thus preserving structures derived from the parent ice.


choicedesc:
Till deposited in or by the bottom parts of a glacier or ice sheet; types include lodgement till, subglacial flow till; synonym (not preferred; obsolete): basal till.  SW & GM


choicedesc:
Dominantly unsorted and unstratified drift, generally unconsolidated deposited directly by and underneath a glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater, and consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones, and boulders.


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (translational debris slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely unconsolidated earthy material, portions or blocks of which remain largely intact and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, planar slip face roughly parallel to the ground surface and resulting in lateral displacement but no rotation of the displaced mass; sediments have substantial proportions of both fine earth and coarse fragments.  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare - translational earth slide, translational rock slide, rotational slide lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (translational earth slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely unconsolidated earthy material, portions or blocks of which remain largely intact and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, planar slip face roughly parallel to the ground surface and resulting in lateral displacement but no rotation of the displaced mass; sediments predominantly fine earth (< 2 mm).  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare translational debris slide, translational rock slide, rotational slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
The process, associated sediments (translational rock slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely slow to moderately rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely consolidated rock bodies, portions or blocks of which remain largely intact and in which movement occurs along a well-defined, planar slip face roughly parallel to the ground surface and resulting in lateral displacement but no rotation of the displaced mass; sediments predominantly fine earth (< 2 mm).  The landform may be single, successive (repeated up and down slope), or multiple (as the number of slide components increase).  Compare translational debris slide, translational earth slide, rotational slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


choicedesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (translational slide deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by the extremely slow to moderately rapid downslope displacement of comparatively dry soil-rock material on a surface (slip face) that is roughly parallel to the general ground surface, in contrast to falls topples, and rotational slides.  The term includes such diverse slide types as translational debris slides, translational earth slide, translational rock slide, block glides, and slab or flake slides. .  Compare - rotational slide, slide, landslide.  SW, DV, GG


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated, pyroclastic material less than 2 mm in all dimensions.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is clay, sandy clay, or silty clay.


choicedesc:
The material contains less than 18 percent clay and 15 percent or more particles that are 0.1 to 75.0 mm in size.  The soil texture class is loamy very fine sand, very fine sand, or finer.


choicedesc:
The material contains less than 18 percent clay and less than 15 percent particles that are 0.1 to 75.0 mm in size.


choicedesc:
The material contains 18 to 35 percent clay and 15 percent or more particles that are 0.1 to 75.0 mm in size.


choicedesc:
The material contains 18 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent particles that are 0.1 to 75.0 mm in size.


choicedesc:
The material contains 15 percent or more rock fragments.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silt, silt loam, or silty clay loam.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is sand or loamy sand.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class contains sand or loamy sand, and the material contains 15 percent or more rock fragments.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is sand or loamy sand and silt or silt loam.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is silt or silt loam.


choicedesc:
The soil texture class is silt or silt loam and clay, sandy clay, or silty clay.


choicedesc:
A type of lava flow having a rough, jagged, clinkery surface.  Compare - pahoehoe lava.  GG & MA


choicedesc:
Uncemented vitric, vesicular, pyroclastic material, more than 2.0 mm in at least one dimension, with an apparent specific gravity (including vesicles) of more than 1.0 and less than 2.0.  Compare - ash [volcanic], block [volcanic], lapilli, tephra.  KST


choicedesc:
Unconsolidated, pyroclastic material less than 2 mm in all dimensions.  Commonly called "volcanic ash".  Compare - block [volcanic], cinders, lapilli, tephra.


choice:
Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock


choicedesc:
a) a blocky or massive, fine-grained sedimentary rock in which the proportions of clay and silt are approximately equal  b) A general term that includes clay, silt, claystone, siltstone, shale, and argillite, and that should be used only when the amounts of clay and silt are not known or cannot be precisely identified.


choicedesc:
A type of basaltic lava flow having a smooth, billowy or rope-like surface.  Compare - a'a lava.


choicedesc:
An indurated or baked clay or shale with a dull, light-colored, cherty appearance, often found in the roof or floor of a burned-out coal seam.


choicedesc:
A light-colored, vesicular, glassy rock commonly having the composition of rhyolite.  It commonly has a specific gravity of < 1.0 and is thereby sufficiently buoyant to float on water.  Compare - scoria, tephra.


choicedesc:
Vesicular, cindery crust or bomb-sized fragments of such material on the surface of andesitic or basaltic lava, the vesicular nature of which is due to the escape of volcanic gases before solidification; it is usually heavier, darker, and more crystalline than pumice.  Synonym - cinder.  Compare - pumice, tephra.


choicedesc:
A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates, and organic remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under "normal" low temperature and pressure conditions.  Sedimentary rocks include consolidated equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, marine deposits; e.g., sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, clay-stone, shale, conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, coal, etc.  Compare - sediment.


choicedesc:
A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash and dust.


choicedesc:
A generally fine-grained or glassy igneous rock resulting from volcanic action at or near the Earth's surface, either ejected explosively or extruded as lava.  The term includes near-surface intrusions that form a part of the volcanic structure.


choicedesc:
A roll of soil 4cm long x 6mm diameter cannot support itself when held on end.


choicedesc:
A roll of soil 4cm long x 6mm diameter supports itself when held on end; a 4mm roll does not.


choicedesc:
A roll of soil 4cm long x 4mm diameter supports itself when held on end; a 2mm roll does not.


choicedesc:
A roll of soil 4cm long x 2mm diameter supports itself when held on end.


choicedesc:
No reasonable possibility of ponding, near 0 percent chance on ponding in any year.


choicedesc:
Ponding unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions; from nearly 0 to 5 percent chance of ponding in any year, or nearly 0 to 5 times in 100 years.


choicedesc:
Ponding is expected infrequently under usual weather conditions; 5 to 50 percent chance of ponding in any year, or 5 to 50 times in 100 years.


choicedesc:
Ponding is likely to occur under usual weather conditions; more than 50 percent chance in any year, or more than 50 times in 100 years.


choicedesc:
Cylindrical, elongated, branching voids (e.g. empty root channels).


choicedesc:
Primary packing voids between soil particles (e.g. voids between sand grains and rock fragments).


choicedesc:
Non-connected cavities or chambers of various shapes (e.g. vughs).


choicedesc:
Cylindrical, elongated voids (e.g. worm tunnels).


choicedesc:
Ovoid to spherical shaped voids (e.g. solidified gaseous bubbles concentrated just below a crust).


choicedesc:
This term is meant to be used as defined in Soil Taxonomy excluding the control section requirement, i.e. this term applies to the entire soil profile. It is characterized by a considerable increase in clay content within a very short vertical distance in the zone of contact.  In the context of how it is to be used for identifying a kind of restriction, it is root restrictive.  See the Keys to Soil Taxonomy for additional details.


choicedesc:
This is composed of non-cemented material that is commonly or locally referred to as "bedrock".  It meets the criteria of "densic materials" as defined in Soil Taxonomy.


choicedesc:
Material underlying a Lithic Contact as defined in Soil Taxonomy.

The material is virtually continuous within the limits of a pedon.  Cracks that can be penetrated by roots are 10 cm or more apart.  When moist, hand digging with a spade is impractical although the material may be chipped or scratched.  Rupture resistance class is at least strongly cemented.  Commonly, the material is indurated.


choicedesc:
Material underlying a Paralithic Contact as defined in Soil Taxonomy.

The material is virtually continuous within the limits of a pedon.  Cracks that can be penetrated by roots are 10 cm or more apart.  Rupture resistance is extremely weakly cemented to moderately cemented.  Commonly, the material is partially weathered bedrock or weakly consolidated bedrock such as sandstone, siltstone or shale.


choicedesc:
Cemented earthy material that does not meet the criteria for any other specificly defined types.  This material does not slake in water.


choicedesc:
Material underlying a densic contact as defined in Soil Taxonomy.

The material is virtually continuous within the limits of a pedon.  Cracks that can be penetrated by roots are 10 cm or more apart.  The material is relatively unaltered and has a noncemented rupture resistance class.  Commonly, the material is earthy material such as till, volcanic mudflows, and mechanically compacted materials, but noncemented rocks can be densic materials if they are dense or resistance enough to keep roots from entering, except in cracks.


choicedesc:
1) The same as "strongly contrasting particle-size classes"  described in the Keys to Soil Taxonomy except that the thickness requirement of 12.5 cm or more for each of the contrasting particle-size classes is waived.  The term is applied to the entire soil profile not just the particle-size control section. In the context of how it is to be used for identifying a kind of restriction, it is root restrictive.  2) Stratified soil textures that differ significantly enough as to restrict the movement of water and air through the soil, or that provide an unfavorable root environment.  It is in all cases root restrictive.


choicedesc:
The rule is designed to result in the soil being interpreted as a member of a discrete class.  Reportable features are those with fuzzy values closest to 1.  The fuzzy values of child-rules will be sorted in descending order.


choicedesc:
The rule is designed in a manner such that the higher the fuzzy value, the more limited the soil is for the stated use. The fuzzy values, of child-rules, closest to 1 represent the most limiting features and will be sorted in descending order.


choicedesc:
The rule is designed in a manner such that the higher the fuzzy value, the better suited the soil is for the stated use. The fuzzy values, of child-rules, closest to 0 represent the most limiting features and will be sorted in ascending order.


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 0 to 8 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 8 to 20 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 20 to 40 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 40 to 80 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 8 to 80 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 80 to 160 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 80 to 800 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 160 to 800 newtons. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 800 newtons to 3 joules. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Stress applied is greater than or equal 3 joules. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Aggregated or block-type specimen not obtainable.


choicedesc:
Stress applied ranges from 20 to 80 newtons. (SSM)


choice:
Worthington, Johnson, Staebler, Lloyd 1960 (100)


choice:
Wilde, Lyer, Tanser, Trautmann, Watterston 1965 (501)


choice:
Curtis, Herman, DeMars 1974 (780) (obsolete)


choicedesc:
The land surface is shaped such that the slope gradient decreases down the slope, and runoff tends to decelerate as it flows down the slope.  In profile, the surface bows downward in the mid-section.


choicedesc:
The land surface is shaped such that the slope gradient increases down the slope, and runoff tends to accelerate as it flows down the slope.  In profile, the surface bows upward in the mid-section.


choicedesc:
The land surface is substantially a straight line when seen in profile at right angles to the contours -- planar.


choicedesc:
<0.01 kPa  ( <0.00001 bar) suction; free water present (satiated wet).


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has a signed Memorandum of Understanding and assigned staffing to complete the initial mapping and field documentation in 3 to 5 years.


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has a published report that requires some degree of revision (primarily to soil maps), as defined in NSSH Part 610.06.  A comprehensive evaluation documents deficiencies for the entire survey area, and National Cooperative Soil Survey cooperators have agreed on the evaluation; staffing is assigned and other necessary resources are available to complete all revisions within 2 years or less.


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has a published report that requires some degree of revision (primarily to soil maps), as defined in NSSH Part 610.06.  A comprehensive evaluation documents deficiencies for the entire survey area, and National Cooperative Soil Survey cooperators have agreed on the evaluation; however available resources do not dictate immediate project activities and a change to Maintenance status.


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has neither the initial mapping complete nor a signed correlation document.


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has a published report, but it no longer meets user needs; it requires extensive revision, as defined in NSSH Part 610.06.


choicedesc:
Soil survey area has been printed, or otherwise reproduced and issued by a Federal or State agency, and meets the current needs of users.  Publication is defined as a traditional hard copy printed report, CD-ROM, web publication, or other media as agreed to by the National Cooperative Soil Survey cooperators in the memorandum of understanding.


choicedesc:
Soil Survey area has a published report that requires extensive revision, as defined in NSSH Part 610.06.  The Director, Soil Survey Division, has approved the survey area for updating and republication, and the survey area has a signed memorandum of understanding and staffing to complete the fieldwork in 2 to 4 years.


choicedesc:
After release of pressure, practically no soil material adheres to the thumb or forefinger. (SSM)


choicedesc:
After release of pressure, soil material adheres perceptible to both digits.  As the digits are separated, the material tends to come off one or the other rather cleanly.  The material does not stretch appreciably on separation of the digits.


choicedesc:
After release of pressure, soil material adheres to both digits and tends to stretch slightly rather than pull completely free from either digit.


choicedesc:
After release of pressure, soil material adheres so strongly to both digits that it stretches decidely when the digits are separated.  Soil material remains on both digits.


choicedesc:
Individual soil units or aggregates are barely observable in place.  When gently disturbed, the soil material parts into a mixture of whole and broken units and much material that exhibits no planes of weakness. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Individual soil units or aggregates are well formed and evident in undisturbed soil.  When disturbed, the soil material parts into a mixture of mostly whole units, some broken units, and material not in units. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Individual soil units or aggregates are distinct in undisturbed soil.  When removed, the soil material parts mainly into whole units. (SSM)


choicedesc:
No individual soil units or aggregates are observable, either in place or following disturbance. (SSM)


choicedesc:
Granular or platy:  <1 mm

Columnar or prismatic:  <10 mm

Angular or subangular blocky: <5 mm


choicedesc:
Granular: 1 to <2 mm

Columnar or prismatic: 10 to <20 mm

Angular or subangular blocky: 5 to <10 mm


choicedesc:
Granular or platy: 2 to <5 mm

Columnar or prismatic: 20 to <50 mm

Angular or subangular blocky: 10 to <20 mm


choicedesc:
Granular: 5 to <10 mm

Columnar or prismatic: 50 to <100mm

Angular or subangular blocky: 20 to <50mm


choicedesc:
Granular: =>10mm

Columnar or prismatic: 100 to <500mm

Angular or subangular blocky: =>50mm


choicedesc:
Granular: n/a

Columnar or prismatic: =>500mm

Angular or subangular blocky: n/a


choicedesc:
Polyhedrals with faces that intersect at sharp angles (planes).


choicedesc:
Irregular blocks created by artificial disturbance - i.e. tillage operations or compaction.


choicedesc:
Vertically elongated units with rounded tops which commonly are "bleached".


choicedesc:
Small polyhedrals with curved or very irregular faces.


choicedesc:
No structural units.  Material is a coherent mass (not necessarily cemented).


choicedesc:
Vertically elongated units with flat tops.


choicedesc:
No structural units.  Material is entirely noncoherent.


choicedesc:
Polyhedrals with sub-rounded and planar faces, lacking sharp angles.


choicedesc:
Elliptical, interlocking lenses that teminate in acute angles, bounded by slickensides; not limited to vertic materials.


choicedesc:
The CEC7 to clay ratio is less than 0.24.


choicedesc:
The CEC7 to clay ratio is greater than or equal to 0.60.


choicedesc:
This is used only to indicate that more than one pair of contrasting particle size families exist within the control section.  (see Soil Taxonomy)


choicedesc:
Used to indicate that the soil does not qualify as "aniso".


choice:
ashy-skeletal over fragmental or cindery


choice:
clayey-skeletal over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choice:
coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choice:
coarse-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choice:
loamy-skeletal over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choice:
medial over ashy-pumiceous or ashy-skeletal


choice:
medial-skeletal over fragmental or cindery


choice:
pumiceous or ashy-pumiceous over medial-skeletal


choice:
pumiceous or ashy-pumiceous over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choice:
thixotropic over sandy or sandy-skeletal


choicedesc:
The material being modified is cemented by one or more cementing agents such that it does not slake in water.


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays (liquid limit is 50% or more), Fat Clay.


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays (liquid limit is less than 50%), Lean Clay.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Gravels, gravel with fines, Clayey Gravel.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Gravels, Gravels with fines, Silty Gravel


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS,  Gravels, clean gravels, Poorly Graded Gravel.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Gravels, clean gravels, Well-Graded Gravel.


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays, (liquid limit is 50% or more), Elastic Silt.


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays, (liquid limit is less than 50%), Silt.


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays, (liquid limit is 50% or more), Organic Clay or Organic Silt


choicedesc:
FINE-GRAINED SOILS, Silts and clays (liquid limit is less than 50%), Organic Clay or Organic Silt.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Sands, sands with fines, Clayey Sand.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Sands, Sands with fines, Silty Sand.


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Sands, Clean Sands, Poorly Graded Sand,


choicedesc:
COARSE-GRAINED SOILS, Sands, Clean Sands, Well-graded Sand.


choicedesc:
Map units that will support a conventional inground septic system with some soil backfilling of finer textured soil material.


choicedesc:
Map units will support a conventional inground septic system with little or no site modification.


choicedesc:
Mapunits that normally require a mound system.


choicedesc:
Map units that normally require a mound septic system with a curtain drain.


choicedesc:
Map units with soil conditions that make it difficult to locate an acceptable site for a septic system.


choicedesc:
Map units that are unsuitable for a septic system.


choicedesc:
Map units that are not rated because of lack of soil material.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - VFS, FS, S, COS. Percent aggregates - 1, Wind erodibility index - 310 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - LVFS, LFS, LCOS, Sapric Material (Muck).  Percent aggregates - 10. Wind erodibility index - 134 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - VFSL, FSL, SL, COSL.  Percent aggregates - 25. Wind erodibility index - 86 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - C, SIC, noncalcareous CL, SICL (>35% clay). Percent aggregates - 25.  Wind erodibility index - 86 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - calcareous L, SIL, CL, SICL.  Percent aggregates - 25. Wind Erodibility Index - 86 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - noncalcareous L/SIL (<20% clay), SCL, SC. Percent aggregates - 40. Wind Erodibility Index - 56 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - noncalcareous L/SIL (>20% CLAY), CL (<35% CLAY).  Percent aggregates - 45.  Wind Erodibility Index - 48 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Surface texture - SI, noncalcareous SICL (<35% clay).  Percent aggregates - 50.  Wind Erodibility Index - 48 t/a/yr.


choicedesc:
Soils not susceptible to wind erosion due to coarse fragments on the surface or wetness.


choicedesc:
Silt, noncalcareous silty clay loam that has less than 35 percent clay content, and fibric organic soil material.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are more than 50 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Noncalcareous loam and silt loam that has more than 20 percent clay content or noncalcareous clay loam that has less than 35 percent clay content.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 45 to 50 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Noncalcareous loam and silt loam that has less than 20 percent clay content or sandy clay loam, sandy clay, and hemic organic soil materials.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 40 to 45 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or ash material.  Clay, silty clay, noncalcareous clay loam, or noncalcareous silty clay loam that has more than 35 percent clay content.  Calcareous loam and silt loam or calcareous clay loam and silty clay loam.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 25 to 40 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or sapric organic soil material.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 10 to 25 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Very fine sand, fine sand, sand, or coarse sand.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 7 to 10 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Very fine sand, fine sand, sand, or coarse sand.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 5 to 7 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Very fine sand, fine sand, sand, or coarse sand.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm area 3 to 5 percent by weight.


choicedesc:
Very fine sand, fine sand, sand, or coarse sand.  Dry soil aggregates more than .84 mm are 1 percent by weight.


# mdstattabcols

coldesc:
A rating based on a system that classifies soils according to those properties that affect roadway construction and maintenance.  Soils are classified into seven basic groups plus eight subgroups, for a total of fifteen for mineral soils.  Another class for organic soils is used.  The groups are based on determinations of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.  The group classification, including group index, is useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases.  (American Association fo State Highway and Transportation Officials)


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a listed AASHTO classification is representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon AASHTO table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon AASHTO table.


coldesc:
The rupture resistance of a block-shaped specimen of 25 to 30 mm size and moist water state. (SSM)


coldesc:
The rupture resistance of a block-shaped specimen of 25 to 30 mm size and dry water state. (SSM)


coldesc:
The rupture resistance of a block-like specimen of 25 to 30 mm size that has been air dried and then submerged in water. (SSM)


coldesc:
The rupture resistance of an air dry plate-shaped specimen of specified size. (SSM)


coldesc:
The manner in which soil specimens fail under increasing force. (SSM)


coldesc:
The maximum capacity of thoroughly puddled soil to adhere to other objects.


coldesc:
The degree to which a puddled, wet soil mass is permanently deformed without rupturing by a slow continuous application of force in any direction.  (SSM)


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a set of descriptors of soil consistence is representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Consistence table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Consistence table.


coldesc:
One of the four kinds of symbols, that when concatenated, are used to distinguish different kinds of layers in soils. Letter suffixes are used to designate subordinate distinctions within master horizons, and layers using lowercase letters.  (SSM)


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Designation Suffix table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Designation Suffix table.


coldesc:
The volume percentage of the horizon occupied by the 2 mm or larger fraction (20 mm or larger for wood fragments), on a whole soil base.


coldesc:
The lithology/composition of the 2 mm or larger fraction of the soil (20 mm or larger for wood fragments).


coldesc:
Size based on the multiaxial dimensions of the fragment fraction.


coldesc:
A description of the overall shape of the fragment.


coldesc:
An expression of the sharpness of edges and corners of fragments.  (Sedimentary Rocks, Pettijohn, 1957)


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Fragments table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Fragments table.


coldesc:
The concatenated string of four kinds of symbols (five data elements) used to distinguish different kinds of layers in the soil.  (SSM)


coldesc:
An Arabic numeral used to indicate a significant change in particle-size distribution or mineralogy that indicates a difference in the material from which the horizon(s) formed and/or a significant difference in age, unless that difference in age is indicated by the suffix "b".  (SSM)
This numeral is one of four kinds of symbols, that when concatenated, are used to distinguish different kinds of layers in the soil.


coldesc:
One of four kinds of symbols, that when concatenated, are used to distinguish different kinds of layers in soils.  Master horizons and layers are the base symbols to which other characters are added to complete the designations.  Capital letters, virgules (/), and ampersands (&) are used. (SSM)


coldesc:
A character used to indicate that this horizon has an identical horizon designation as some overlying horizon.  The two horizons in question are separated by at least one other horizon.


coldesc:
One of the four kinds of symbols, when concatenated, are used to distinguish different kinds of layers in soils. Vertical subdivisions are used to subdivide a horizon or layer designated by a single letter or combination of letters.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the upper boundary of the soil horizon.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the base of the soil horizon.


coldesc:
A measurement from the top to bottom of a soil horizon throughout its areal extent.


coldesc:
The percent by weight of the horizon occupied by rock fragments greater than 10 inches in size.


coldesc:
The percent by weight of the horizon occupied by rock fragments 3 to 10 inches in size.


coldesc:
Soil fraction passing a number 4 sieve (4.70mm square opening) as a weight percentage of the less than 3 inch (76.4mm) fraction.


coldesc:
Soil fraction passing a number 10 sieve (2.00mm square opening) as a weight percentage of the less than 3 inch (76.4mm) fraction.


coldesc:
Soil fraction passing a number 40 sieve (0.42mm square opening) as a weight percentage of the less than 3 inch (76.4mm) fraction.


coldesc:
Soil fraction passing a number 200 sieve (0.074mm square opening) as a weight percentage of the less than 3 inch (76.4mm) fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.05mm to 2.0mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 1.0mm to 2.0mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.5mm to 1.0mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.25mm to 0.5mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.10 to 0.25mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.05 to 0.10mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles 0.002 to 0.05mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2.0mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles ranging in size from 0.02mm to 0.05mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2.0mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles ranging in size from 0.002 to 0.02mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2.0mm fraction.


coldesc:
Mineral particles less than 0.002mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2.0mm fraction.


coldesc:
Carbonate particles less than 0.002mm in equivalent diameter as a weight percentage of the less than 2.0mm fraction.


coldesc:
The amount by weight of decomposed plant and animal residue expressed as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm soil material.


coldesc:
The oven dried weight of the less than 2 mm soil material per unit volume of soil at a water tension of 1/10 bar.


coldesc:
The oven dry weight of the less than 2 mm soil material per unit volume of soil at a water tension of 1/3 bar.


coldesc:
The oven dry weight of the less than 2 mm soil material per unit volume of soil at a water tension of 15 bar.


coldesc:
The oven dry weight of the less than 2 mm soil material per unit volume of soil exclusive of the desication cracks, measured on a coated clod.


coldesc:
Mass per unit of volume (not including pore space) of the solid soil particle either mineral or organic.  Also known as specific gravity.


coldesc:
The amount of water that would move vertically through a unit area of saturated soil in unit time under unit hydraulic gradient.


coldesc:
The amount of water that an increment of soil depth, inclusive of fragments, can store that is available to plants.  AWC is expressed as a volume fraction, and is commonly estimated as the difference between the water contents at 1/10 or 1/3 bar (field capacity) and 15 bars (permanent wilting point) tension and adjusted for salinity, and fragments.


coldesc:
The volumetric content of soil water retained at a tension of 1/10 bar (10 kPa), expressed as a percentage of the whole soil.


coldesc:
The volumetric content of soil water retained at a tension of 1/3 bar (33 kPa), expressed as a percentage of the whole soil.


coldesc:
The volumetric content of soil water retained at a tension of 15 bars (1500 kPa), expressed as a percentage of the whole soil.


coldesc:
The estimated volumetric soil water content at or near zero bar tension, expressed as a percentage of the whole soil.


coldesc:
The linear expression of the volume difference of natural soil fabric at 1/3 or 1/10 bar water content and oven dryness. The volume change is reported as percent change for the whole soil.


coldesc:
The water content of the soil at the change between the liquid and plastic states.


coldesc:
The numerical difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit.


coldesc:
The empirical group index formula devised for approximately within-group evaluation of the "clayey granular materials" and the "silty-clay materials".


collabel:
AASHTO Group Index - Representative Value


coldesc:
An erodibility factor which quantifies the susceptibility of soil particles to detachment and movement by water. This factor is adjusted for the effect of rock fragments.


coldesc:
An erodibility factor which quantifies the susceptibility of soil particles to detachment by water.


coldesc:
The quantity of Carbonate (CO3) in the soil expressed as CaCO3 and as a weight percentage of the less than 2 mm size fraction.


coldesc:
The percent by weight of hydrated calcium sulfate in the less than 20 mm fraction of soil.


coldesc:
A measure of the amount of Sodium (Na) relative to Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste.


coldesc:
The electrical conductivity of an extract from saturated soil paste.


coldesc:
The amount of readily exchangeable cations that can be electrically adsorbed to negative charges in the soil, soil constituent, or other material, at pH 7.0, as estimated by the ammonium acetate method.


coldesc:
The sum of NH4OAc extractable bases plus KCl extractable aluminum.


coldesc:
The sum of NH4OAc extractable bases (pH 7.0), reported on less than 2mm base.


coldesc:
The negative logarithm to the base 10, of the hydrogen ion activity in the soil using the 1:1 soil-water ratio method.  A numerical expression of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a soil sample.  (SSM)


coldesc:
The negative logarithm to base of 10 or the hydrogen ion activity in the soil, using the 0.01M CaCl2 method, in a 1:2 soil:solution ratio.  A numerical expression of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a soil sample. (SSM)


coldesc:
The secondary iron oxides such as geothite, hematite, ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite and maghemite.  This form of iron may occur as discrete particles, as coatings on other particles, or as cementing agents between soil mineral grains.  It is iron extracted by dithionite-citrate.


coldesc:
The amount of ammonium oxalate extractable iron in the less than 2mm fraction.  It is considered a measure of noncrystalline iron in the soil.


coldesc:
A measure of soil exchangeable hydrogen ions that may become active by cation exchange.


coldesc:
The amount of aluminum extracted in 1 normal potassium chloride.  The following laboratory method is applied:  55 ml of 1 normal potassium chloride is extracted through 2.5 g of soil sample.  The extract is analyzed by use of an atomic adsorption spectrometer or similar instrument (SSIR #1, method 6G9a and NSSH).


coldesc:
The amount of ammonium oxalate extractable aluminum in the less than 2mm fraction.  This is an estimate of the total pedogenic aluminum, much of which may be in noncrystalline material, or complexed by organic matter.


coldesc:
The amount of phosphorous in the less than 2mm fraction, that is extractable using the Bray1 method.  It represents the plant available phosphorous content.


coldesc:
The amount of phosphorous in the less than 2mm fraction, that is extractable by aluminum oxalate method.  It represents the phosphorous level intermediate between total P and water soluble P.


coldesc:
The amount of water soluble phosphorous in the less than 2mm fraction, that is extractable by distilled water.  It represents the mobile phosphorous content.


collabel:
Water Soluble Phos - Representative Value


coldesc:
The estimate of the total phosphorous content of the soil, measured after total dissolution of a size fraction of the soil material.  It is reported as a gravimetric percent oxide of the size fraction used.


coldesc:
An estimation of the difficulty of working an excavation into soil layers, horizons, pedons, or geologic layers.  In most instances, excavation difficulty is related to and controlled by a water state.


coldesc:
The soil moisture status for which the excavation difficulty class is assigned for the individual component.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Horizon table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon table.


coldesc:
The number of a selected size of pores per unit area of undisturbed soils.


coldesc:
Average vertical distance through which the minimum diameter of the pore exceeds 0.5mm when the soil layer is moist or wetter.


coldesc:
A description of the multiaxial shape of the pore.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if the pores described are representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Pores table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Pores table.


coldesc:
The distinctness of the peds described in terms of ease of separation into discrete units.


coldesc:
Measurement of the smallest dimension of the selected secondary particles, units, or peds.


coldesc:
The multiaxial shape of secondary particles, units, or peds.


coldesc:
An integer number assigned by the user to identify a particular row in the table.


coldesc:
An integer referring to the Structure ID in another row in the same table, intended to indicate if the soil structure described on the current row parts or separates to the structure described on the other row.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon Structure Group table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Structure table to the Horizon Structure Group table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Structure table.


coldesc:
The narrative description of the soil structure within a soil horizon.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a soil structure is representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Structure Group table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Structure Group table.


coldesc:
The date associated with a particular record, expressed as month, day, year -- xx/xx/xxxx.


coldesc:
A text entry is identified by its kind, category, and subcategory.  Kind is the highest division of classification.  Text kind provides a grouping of text entries according to their subject matter.


coldesc:
A text entry is identified by its kind, category, and subcategory.  Category is a subdivision of kind.  "Agr" and "Soi" are two categories for the text kind "Nontechnical Description".


coldesc:
A text entry is identified by its kind, category, and subcategory.  Subcategory is a subdivision of category.  For text kind "Nontechnical" description and text category "Agr", subcategory would correspond to the SSSD field "desnum".


coldesc:
The actual narrative text portion of a text entry.  The other parts of a text entry are its identifiers: kind, category and subcategory.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Text table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Text table.


coldesc:
An expression, based on the USDA system of particle sizes, for the relative portions of the various size groups of individual mineral grains less than 2mm equivalent diameter in a mass of soil.


coldesc:
Substitute terms applied to materials that do not fit into a textural class because of organic matter content, size, rupture resistance, solubility, or another reason.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon Texture Group table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Texture table to the Horizon Texture Group table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Texture table.


coldesc:
Name for the concatenation of TEXTURE_MODIFIER and TEXTURE_CLASS.


coldesc:
A Boolean flag that when set (Y) indicates that the textures that comprise a particular texture group, are stratified.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a soil texture is representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The full texture description for a horizon, using full texture class and in lieu of names rather than abbreviations.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Texture Group table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Texture Group table.


coldesc:
A term used to denote the presence of a condition or component other than sand, silt, or clay.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon Texture table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Texture Modifier table to the Horizon Texture table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Texture Modifier table.


coldesc:
A system for classifying mineral and organo-mineral soils for engineering purposes based on particle size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a Unified soil classification is representative for the horizon.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Horizon table.  Use this column to join the Horizon Unified table to the Horizon table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Horizon Unified table.


coldesc:
Percent of coverage (canopy) attributed to a specific plant species.


coldesc:
A unique symbol used to identify a plant genus or a plant species.  (The PLANTS Database, USDA-NRCS, National Plant Data Center.)


coldesc:
The full genus and species name as listed in the PLANTS Database, USDA-NRCS, National Plant Data Center.


coldesc:
A generally accepted common name used for a plant in a geographic region, usually a state.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Canopy Cover table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Canopy Cover table.


coldesc:
Crop yield units per unit area for the specified crop.


coldesc:
The expected yield per acre of the specific crop without supplemental irrigation.


coldesc:
The expected yield per acre of the specific crop with irrigation.


coldesc:
An index of the capacity of a soil to produce a specific plant under a defined management system.


coldesc:
Crop specific groupings of soils indicating potential yields under a high level of management.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Crop Yield table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Crop Yield table.


coldesc:
Kind of diagnostic horizon or diagnostic feature in the soil.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the upper boundary of the identified diagnostic horizon or to the upper limit of the occurrence of the diagnostic feature.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the base of the identified diagnostic horizon or to the lower limit of the occurrence of the diagnostic feature.


coldesc:
The distance from the upper to lower boundary of the identified diagnostic horizon or feature.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Diagnostic Features table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Diagnostic Features table.


coldesc:
The name of a particular ecological classification scheme.  An example might be "West Virginia Grassland Suitability Groups" or "NRCS Ecological Sites".


coldesc:
The reference citation for a particular ecological classification scheme, typically a publication.


coldesc:
The identifier of a particular ecological community.  For NRCS ecological sites, it is the concatenated form of ecological site type, ecological site MLRA, ecological site LRU, ecological site number and ecological site state FIPS alpha code.


coldesc:
The descriptive name of a particular ecological community.  For NRCS ecological sites, it is the concatenated form of three or six other fields.  The actual fields that are concatenated together to form this name differ between range and forest ecological sites.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Ecological Classification table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Ecological Classification table.


coldesc:
The percentage of total annual site production attributed to the specific forest understory plant, expressed as percent of total air dry plant material by weight.


coldesc:
The percentage of total annual site production attributed to the specific rangeland plant, expressed as percent of total air dry plant material by weight.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Existing Plants table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Existing Plants table.


coldesc:
The type of detachment and removal of surface soil particles as largely affected by human activities. (SSM)


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a listed erosion type is representative for the component.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Erosion Accelerated table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Erosion Accelerated table.


coldesc:
The number in the National Register of Site Index Curves corresponding to the site index curve used to determine the site index and the annual productivity of forest overstory tree species.


coldesc:
The height in feet of the dominant or dominant and co-dominant trees at some index age, except for the pinyon-juniper forest type, for which site index is determined by basal area.


coldesc:
The annual growth of forest overstory tree species.


collabel:
Productivity ft3/ac/yr CMAI - Representative Value


collabel:
Productivity ft3/ac/yr CMAI - High Value


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Forest Productivity table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Forest Productivity table.


coldesc:
The unit of measure in which the annual productivity of forest overstory tree species is expressed.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Forest Productivity table.  Use this column to join the Component Forest Productivity table to the Component Forest Productivity - Other table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Forest Productivity - Other table.


coldesc:
One of several pseudo-hierarchical terms used to describe relative levels of scale for geomorphic terms.


coldesc:
A word or group of words used to name a feature on the earth's surface, expressed in the singular form.


coldesc:
A user specified term(s) used in association with geomorphic features to further define, clarify, and describe the setting of a soil in the the landscape.  The terms may, for example, describe relative position, mode of formation, degree of degradation, slope, or geologic time of origin.


coldesc:
An integer number assigned by a user to identify a particular row in the table.


coldesc:
An integer referring to the Feature ID in another row in the same table, intended to indicate a relationship between two or more rows in a table.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a particular geomorphic feature is representative for the component.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Geomorphic Description table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


coldesc:
Criterion code for the soil characteristic(s) and/or feature(s) that cause the map unit component to be classified as a "hydric soil."  These codes are the paragraph numbers in the hydric soil criteria publication.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Hydric Criteria table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Hydric Criteria table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Interpretation table to the Component table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of the rule at the top of the interpretation rule hierarchy (the main rule).  Use this key to find the mail rule in the Component Interpretation table.


coldesc:
The name of an interpretation, such as ENG - Dwellings with Basements.  A main rule (interpretation) may contain subordinate rules, which in turn may have other subordinate rules.  The main rule entry in this column is the user assigned name (typically connotative) for the interpretation rule at the top of the hierarchy.


coldesc:
Sequential number of the feature being described.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Rule table in NASIS.


coldesc:
A user assigned name (typically connotative) for a particular interpretation rule.


coldesc:
An interpretation rule may contain subordinate rules, which in turn may have subordinate rules.  This is an indicator of the depth within the interpretation hierarchy that a particular rule exists, where zero is the top level.


coldesc:
The minimum extreme numeric rating for the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The rating class term for the minimum extreme of the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The minimum numeric rating of the representative values for the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The rating class term for the minimum of the representative values of the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The maximum numeric rating of the representative values of the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The rating class term for the maximum of the representative values for the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The maximum extreme numeric rating for the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
A rating class term for the maximum extreme of the interpretation rating.


coldesc:
The value of this attribute is set to true whenever any property used in an interpretation returns any null value.


coldesc:
The value of this attribute is set to true whenever any property used in an interpretation returns a default value in place of any null value.


coldesc:
The value of this attribute is set to true whenever any property used in an interpretation that is based on multiple observations returns inconsistent results for the low low value, the low representative value, the high representative value and the high high value.

A property always returns either a representative value or a low, high and representative value.  Values for low low, low representative, high representative and high high are only derived in the case where the values of a property used in an interpretation are based on multiple observations.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Interpretation table.


coldesc:
An interger number used to sequence the months of the year in their proper order.


coldesc:
The annual probability of a flood event expressed as a class.  (SSM).


coldesc:
Average duration of inundation per flood occurrence and expressed as a class.  (NSSH)


coldesc:
The number of times ponding occurs over a period of time. (SSM)


coldesc:
The average duration, or length of time, of the ponding occurrence.  (NSSH)


coldesc:
The depth of surface water that is ponding on the soil.


coldesc:
The daily average precipitation for the referenced month.  Commonly calculated as the total precipitation for the month divided by the number of days in the month.  (February nominally has 28 days).


coldesc:
Daily average potential evapotranspiration for the referenced month.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Month table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Month table.


coldesc:
The percentage of the component of the mapunit.


coldesc:
Name assigned to a component based on its range of properties.


coldesc:
Identifies the kind of component of the mapunit. Examples are series and miscellaneous areas.


coldesc:
Indicates whether or not a component is a major component in the mapunit.


coldesc:
Phase criterion other than slope, texture, and flooding used to identify soil components.


coldesc:
Phase criterion to be used at a local level, in conjunction with "component name" to help identify a soil component.


coldesc:
The difference in elevation between two points, expressed as a percentage of the distance between those points. (SSM)


coldesc:
The distance from the point of origin of overland flow to the point where either the slope gradient decreases enough that deposition begins, or the runoff water enters a well-defined channel that may be part of a drainage network or a constructed channel. (Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses a Guide to Conservation Planning, Agr. Handbook #537, USDA, 1978).


collabel:
Slope Length USLE - Representative Value


coldesc:
Soil loss tolerance factor.  The maximum amount of erosion at which the quality of a soil as a medium for plant growth can be maintained.


coldesc:
A value in tons/acre/year that is a factor in calculating soil loss by wind.  The values are acquired from WEG.


coldesc:
Grouping of soils that have similar properties affecting their resistance to soil blowing in cultivated areas.  The groups indicate the susceptibility to soil blowing.


coldesc:
The natural or artificial material that is observed to cover a portion of the earth's surface.  It is determined (at least conceptually) as a vertical projection downward.  Level one of a hierarchical system. (1992 NRI Instructions)


coldesc:
The description of ground cover based on a set of vegetal and non-vegetal classes.  It is determined (at least conceptually) as a vertical projection downward.  Level two of a hierarchical system.


coldesc:
Natural condition of the soil component.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates whether or not a map unit component is classified as a "hydric soil".  If rated as hydric, the specific criteria met are listed in the Component Hydric Criteria table.


coldesc:
Identifies the natural drainage conditions of the soil and refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods.  An example of a drainage class is well drained.


coldesc:
The vertical distance from mean sea level to a point on the earth's surface.


coldesc:
One end of the range in characteristics for the slope aspect of a component.  This end of the range is expressed in degrees measured clockwise from true north, and is the end of the range that is counter-clockwise from the representative slope aspect.


coldesc:
The common, typical, or expected direction toward which the surface of the soil faces, expressed as an angle between 0 and 360 degrees measured clockwise from true north.


coldesc:
One end of the range in characteristics for the slope aspect of a component.  This end of the range is expressed in degrees measured clockwise from true north, and is the end of the range that is clockwise from the representative slope aspect.


coldesc:
A narrative description of the geomorphic setting of a component.  The description may incorporate multiple geomorphic features as well as their relationship to each other.  The individual parts of the description are recorded in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


coldesc:
The estimated ratio of the incident short-wave (solar) radiation that is reflected by the air dry, less than 2 mm fraction of the soil surface.


coldesc:
The arithmetic average of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures for a calendar year taken over the standard "normal" period, 1961 to 1990.


coldesc:
The arithmetic average of the total annual (liquid) precipitation taken over the standard "normal" period, 1961-1990.


coldesc:
An estimate of the amount of moisture available for plant use and/or soil forming processes at a given site.  It may vary, plus or minus, from "actual" precipitation amounts as a function of runon, runoff, temperature, aspect, etc.


coldesc:
The expected number of days between the last freezing temperature (0 degrees Celsius) in spring (Jan-Jul) and the first freezing temperature (0 degrees Celsius) in the fall (Aug-Dec).  The number of days is based on the probability that the values for the standard "normal" period of 1961 to 1990 will be exceeded in 5 years out of 10.


coldesc:
The broadest category in the land capability classification system for nonirrigated soils.


coldesc:
The second category in the land capability classification system for nonirrigated soils.


coldesc:
The third category in the land capability classification system for nonirrigated soils.


coldesc:
The broadest category in the land capability classification system for irrigated soils.


coldesc:
The second category in the land capability classification system for irrigated soils.


coldesc:
The third category in the land capability classification system for irrigated soils.


coldesc:
The identifier for a particular Conservation Tree Shrub Group (CTSG) which that is associated with a soil map unit component.  A CTSG is a physiographic unit or area having similar climatic and edaphic characteristics that control the selection and height of growth of trees and shrubs (National Forestry Manual).


coldesc:
A grouping for selecting plant species best suited for different kinds of soils and for predicting height growth and effectiveness. (National Forestry Manual)


coldesc:
The estimated annual potential production of range forage per year.


coldesc:
The identifier of the Forage Suitability Group to which the map unit component is assigned.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element grain.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element grass.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element herbaceous plants.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element shrub.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element coniferous trees.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife element hardwood trees.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the wildlife habitat element wetland plant.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to support the wildlife habitat element shallow water.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to support the habitat requirements for rangeland wildlife.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to support the habitat requirements for openland wildlife.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to produce the habitat elements for woodland wildlife.


coldesc:
Suitability of the soil to support the habitat elements for wetland wildlife.


coldesc:
The possibility that a mass of soil will slip when these conditions are met: 1) vegetation is removed, 2) soil water is at or near saturation, and 3) other normal practices are applied.  Increasing the hazard of slippage but not considered in this rating are: 1) the undercutting lower portions or loading the upper parts of a slope or 2) altering the drainage or offsite water contribution to the site such as through irrigation.


coldesc:
An interpretation rating of the susceptibility of the soil to frost heaving.


coldesc:
The decrease of surface elevation that occurs within the first 3 years of drainage of wet soils having organic layers or semifluid mineral layers.  (NSSH)


coldesc:
The potential decrease of surface elevation as a result of the drainage of wet soils having organic layers or semifluid mineral layers.  (NSSH)


coldesc:
A group of soils having similar runoff potential under similar storm and cover conditions. Examples are A and A/D.  (NSSH)


coldesc:
Susceptibility of concrete to corrosion when in contact with the soil.


coldesc:
Susceptibility of uncoated steel to corrosion when in contact with the soil.


coldesc:
A concatenation of the Soil Taxonomy subgroup and family for a soil (long name).


coldesc:
The second level of Soil Taxonomy.  The suborder is below the order and above the great group.


coldesc:
The third level of Soil Taxonomy.  The category is below the suborder and above the subgroup.


coldesc:
The fourth level of Soil Taxonomy.  The subgroup is below great group and above family.


coldesc:
Particle-size classes are used as family differentiae. Particle-size refers to grain-size distribution of the whole soil and is not the same as texture.  (Soil Taxonomy).


coldesc:
Taxonomic family criteria that is used to indicate the presence of more than two strongly contrasting classes in the particle size control section.  (Soil Taxonomy)


coldesc:
Cation exchange activity classes are used as family criteria differentiae.  It is the relative cation exchange (CEC) activity level of the soil based on the CEC to clay ratio. (Soil Taxonomy)


coldesc:
Indicates the presence or absence of carbonates and the reaction.  They are treated together because of their intimate relationship, and are used to indicate family differentiae.  (Soil Taxonomy)


coldesc:
The taxonomic family temperature class used to construct the official classification name.  It may be null when the taxonomic family temperature class is embedded in the classification name.  The actual taxonomic temperature regime is recorded in another place.


coldesc:
Soil moisture subclasses are taxonomic subgroup criteria, whether included or not in the name of the subgroup.  The definition of each subclass is dependent upon the specific taxonomic great group to which it is attached.


coldesc:
Soil temperature regime as defined in Soil Taxonomy.


coldesc:
The edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy used to classify the soil.


coldesc:
The California Storie Index expresses numerically the relative degree of suitability of a soil for general intensive agricultural uses at the time of evaluation.  The rating is based on soil characteristics only and is obtained by evaluating such factors as soil depth, texture of the surface soil, subsoil characteristics, and surface relief.

Storie, R. Earl and Walter W. Weir. 1948. Manual for identifying and classifying California soil series.  With 1958 Supplement, revised 1978. Associated Students Store, University of California, Berkley, California.


coldesc:
Numbers correspond to the NRCS printed publication "26 Ecological Communities of Florida" 1995.  This publication is based on the awareness that a soil type commonly supports a specific vegetative community, which in turn provides the habitat needed by specific wildlife species.


coldesc:
A data element with a yes/no entry, assigned by soil component, used in Florida.  It is used to identify highly erodible land.


coldesc:
A data element with a yes/no entry, assigned by soil component, used in Florida.  The basis for identifying highly erodible land is the erodibility index of a soil survey map unit.  The erodibility index of a soil is determined by dividing the potential erodibility for each soil survey map unit by the soil loss tolerance (T) value established for the soil.  The potential erodibility for a map unit differs according to the erosion type (water or wind erosion).  The T value represents the maximum annual rate of soil erosion that could take place without causing a decline in long-term productivity.  A soil map unit with an erodibility index of 8 or more is a highly erodible soil map unit.

For water erosion, a soil survey map unit is potentially highly erodible if: (1) the RKLS/T value using the minimum LS factor is less than 8 and (2) the RKLS/T value using the maximum LS factor is equal to or greater than 8. (Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses; A Guide to Conservation Planning, Field Office Technical Guide, Nat. FSA Handbook Sec. 511.23, and Florida Erosion Control Handbook)


coldesc:
The potential of the soil to allow chemicals to leave the application site by leaching through the soil, as used in Florida state law.  Soils with a rating of High or Medium are considered to pose a potential leaching hazard.


coldesc:
The potential of the soil to allow chemicals to leave the application site with runoff water and/or detached soil particles, as defined for use in Florida.  Soils with a rating of High or Medium are considered to pose a potential runoff hazard.


coldesc:
The following soil related use restrictions for Temik 10G (aldicarb) exits if the pesticide is to be applied to citrus in Florida.
Temik cannot be used within 1000 feet of a drinking water well unless it is known that the well is cased to 100 feet below ground level or to a minimum of 30 feet below the water table in soils that have:
1. A permeability of twenty inches/hour or more (very rapid permeability) and
2. A water holding capacity of less than 0.06 inch/inch of soil (very low water holding capacity)--
in all horizons to a depth of 80 inches or to bedrock if bedrock is within 80 inches of the surface.
The choice indicates that if a component has soil properties, according to state labeling, favorable for the application of the pesticide Temik 10G, the entry is Yes.  If the component does not have favorable properties the entry is No.


coldesc:
Soil related use restrictions for Triumph 4E Insecticide are applicable in certain conditions in Florida.  Please note the label for the conditions.  The soil related conditions are as follows:
1. A permeability of six inches/hour or more (rapid or very rapid permeability) and
2. A water holding capacity of 0.10 inch/inch of soil or less (low or very low water holding capacity)--
in all horizons to a depth of 80 inches or to bedrock if bedrock is within 80 inches of the surface.

The choice indicates that if a component has soil properties, according to state labeling, favorable for the application of the pesticide Triumph 4E Insecticide (trademark), the entry is Yes.  If the component does not have favorable properties the entry is No.


coldesc:
A group of soils that share similar recommendations for drainage whether the drainage is subsurface or surface. (Agronomy Guide, ID-160 - Purdue University)


coldesc:
A number which reflects annual precipitation, rainfall distribution, and hydrologic group.  The system allows comparison of the amount of nitrate which could be leached in percolating water.  The numbers were obtained from the Midwest National Technical Center and are used in Indiana.


coldesc:
A system for ranking soils for major uses, developed by Michigan State University.  Soils are assigned to a group according to the dominant profile texture, the natural drainage class, and the management groups are listed in the same order as the series named in the complex. (Mokma, D.L., E.P. Whiteside, and J.F. Schneider. 1978. Soil Management Units in Land Use Planning. Mich. State Univ., Ext. Bull. E-1262, 12 pp.


coldesc:
A system for ranking soils in Virginia for productivity estimates.  Developed by VPI&SU.  See Virginia Agronomic Land Use Evaluation System (VALUES) 1993.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Mapunit table.  Use this column to join the Component table to the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component table.


coldesc:
The sequence in which the parent material occurs, when more than one parent material exists for one soil profile.  If only one parent material occurs for a soil, i.e. no lithologic discontinuities, no entry is required.


coldesc:
General description of the texture of the parent material.   Class limits correspond to those of textural groupings defined in the Soil Survey Manual and family particle-size classes in Soil Taxonomy.


coldesc:
A user specified term(s) used to further describe the nature of the parent material for a given soil.


coldesc:
A term describing the general physical, chemical and mineralogical composition of the material, mineral or organic, from which the soil develops.  Mode of deposition and/or weathering may be implied or implicit.


coldesc:
The type of bedrock from which the parent material was derived.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Parent Material Group table.  Use this column to join the Component Parent Material Group table to the Component Parent Material table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Parent Material table.


coldesc:
Name for the concatenation of PARENT_MATERIAL_MODIFIER, PARENT_MATERIAL_KIND, and PARENT_MATERIAL_ORIGIN for each of the parent materials that may occur in a vertical cross section of a soil.


coldesc:
A yes/no field that indicates if a listed parent material is representative for the component.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Parent Material Group table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Parent Material Group table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Potential Windbreak table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Potential Windbreak table.


coldesc:
Type of nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal property(ies) that significantly reduce the movement of water and air through the soil or that otherwise provides an unfavorable root environment.


coldesc:
The rupture resistance class of block-like specimens from the restrictive feature that have been air dried and then submerged in water.


coldesc:
The distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.


coldesc:
The distance from the soil surface to the lower boundary of the restrictive layer.


coldesc:
The distance from the top to bottom of a restrictive layer.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Restrictions table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Restrictions table.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the upper boundary of the moisture layer.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the lower boundary of the moisture layer.


coldesc:
The typical soil moisture state of the layer, for the month in question.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Month table.  Use this column to join the Component Soil Moisture table to the Component Month table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Soil Moisture table.


coldesc:
The long-term monthly average of the mean daily soil temperature of the layer for the month in question.  Long-term is generally considered to be a 30-year average.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the upper boundary of the soil temperature layer.


coldesc:
The distance from the top of the soil to the lower boundary of the soil temperature layer.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Month table.  Use this column to join the Component Soil Temperature table to the Component Month table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Soil Temperature table.


coldesc:
Percent of the ground covered by fragments 2 mm or larger (20 mm or larger for wood fragments).


coldesc:
Average distance between surface stones and/or boulders, measured between edges.


coldesc:
The lithology/composition of the surface fragments 2 mm or larger (20 mm or larger for wood fragments).


coldesc:
Size based on the multiaxial dimensions of the surface fragment.


coldesc:
A description of the overall shape of the surface fragment.


coldesc:
An expression of the sharpness of edges and corners of surface fragments.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Surface Fragments table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Surface Fragments table.


coldesc:
A mappable part of the earth's surface (three dimensional) that represents an episode of landscape development of mountains.


coldesc:
A mappable part of the earth's surface (three dimensional) that represents an episode of landscape development of hills.


coldesc:
A mappable part of the earth's surface (three dimensional) that represents an episode of landscape development of terraces.


coldesc:
Description of the geomorphic component for flats.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Geomorphic Description table.  Use this column to join the Component Geomorphic Description table to the Component Three Dimensional Surface Morphometry table.


collabel:
Component Surface Morphometry - Geomorphic Component Key

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Three Dimensional Surface Morphometry table.


coldesc:
Two dimensional slope segments of a hillslope that have similar geometric, erosional, or depositional characteristics.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Geomorphic Description table.  Use this column to join the Component Geomorphic Description table to the Component Two Dimensional Surface Morphometry table.


collabel:
Component Surface Morphometry - Hillslope Profile Position

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Two Dimensional Surface Morphometry table.


coldesc:
The kind of slight variations in the height of a land surface that are too small or intricate to delineate on a topographic or soils map at commonly used scales (1:24000, and 1:10000).


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Geomorphic Description table.  Use this column to join the Component Geomorphic Description table to the Component Microrelief Surface Morphometry table.


collabel:
Component Surface Morphometry - Micro Relief Key

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Microrelief Surface Morphometry table.


coldesc:
The geometric, two dimensional profile (shape) of the slope parallel to elevation contours.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component Geomorphic Description table.  Use this column to join the Component Geomorphic Description table to the Component Slope Shape Surface Morphometry table.


collabel:
Component Surface Morphometry - Slope Shape Key

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Slope Shape Surface Morphometry table.


coldesc:
Mineralogy classes are used as family differentiae.  They are based on the approximate mineralogical composition of selected size fractions of the same segment of the soil (control section) that is used for application of particle-size classes.  (Soil Taxonomy)


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Taxonomic Family Mineralogy table to the Component table.


collabel:
Component Taxonomic Family Mineralogy Key

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Taxonomic Family Mineralogy table.


coldesc:
Soil moisture classes are unique to the family classification, though not included specifically in the name, this is a mechanism to provide clear identification of the actual moisture regime.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Taxonomic Moisture Class table to the Component table.


collabel:
Component Taxonomic Family Moisture Class Key

coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Taxonomic Moisture Class table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Text table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Text table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Trees To Manage table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Trees To Manage table.


coldesc:
Soil characteristics other than the defined family characteristics of particle-size classes, mineralogy classes, calcareous and reaction  classes, and soil temperature classes.  These characteristics include depth of soil, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope of soil, and permanent cracks.  (Soil Taxonomy)


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Component table.  Use this column to join the Component Taxonomic Family Other Criteria table to the Component table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Component Taxonomic Family Other Criteria table.


coldesc:
An indicator of the design scheme of the rule.  The entry provides an indication of which end of the fuzzy value range, 0 or 1, represents the most limiting features.  

Most interpretive rules are designed such that the most limiting features are those with a fuzzy value closest to 1.  However, interpretive rules that are designed to evaluate the favorable features of a soil, such as the suitability as a gravel source, may be written such that the most limiting features are those with a fuzzy value closest to 0.


coldesc:
Indicates whether or not an object is approved for use.


collabel:
Most Recent Rule Component When Last Updated

coldesc:
The date of the most recently updated component of an interpretation.  This date is not necessarily the when last updated date of the interpretation itself.  An interpretation may have a subrule, evaluation or property that was updated more recently than the master interpretation (rule) itself.  The time of update of an interpretation component (subrule, evaluation, property) in NASIS is not explicitly reflected in other components that may reference the updated component.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Distribution Metadata table.  Use this column to join the Distribution Interp Metadata table to the Distribution Metadata table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Distribution Interp Metadata table.


coldesc:
The name of a particular type of area.  Area type names include "state", "county", "mlra", etc.


coldesc:
A symbol that uniquely identifies a single occurrence of a particular type of area (e.g. Lancaster Co., Nebraska is NE109).


coldesc:
The name given to the specified geographic area.


coldesc:
Identifies the operational activity of a soil survey area and currency of published soil information.  Examples are Non-Project, Update and Published.

As of SSURGO version 2.1, values for this attribute are no longer provided.  This attribute will be dropped from the next major SSURGO version.


coldesc:
The date the final correlation document for a soil survey is signed, expressed as month, year (e.g. 07/1999).


coldesc:
The level of certification assigned to a tabular data package for a particular soil survey area.


coldesc:
The date and time that soil survey area tabular data was exported from NASIS.


coldesc:
Narrative text notes (metadata) associated with the assignment of the tabular data certification status for a particular soil survey area.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Legend table.  Use this column to join the Distribution Legend Metadata table to the Legend table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Distribution Metadata table.  Use this column to join the Distribution Legend Metadata table to the Distribution Metadata table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Distribution Legend Metadata table.


coldesc:
The date and time that a request to export data, which was submitted by a NASIS user, was actually processed.


coldesc:
The current status of a NASIS export request.  This status may reflect either a pending request status or a processed request status.


coldesc:
The maximum number of reasons recorded for the corresponding soil interpretation.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Distribution Metadata table.


coldesc:
A sequential integer number used to denote the serial version of the spatial data for a soil survey area.


coldesc:
A symbol that, within the context of a particular soil survey area, uniquely identifies a point or line spot feature.


coldesc:
A short descriptive name of a point or line spot feature.


coldesc:
A narrative description of a point or line spot feature.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Feature Description table.


coldesc:
The name of a particular type of geographic area with which the soil survey area overlaps or coincides.  Examples include "state or territory" and "county or parish".


coldesc:
The identifying symbol given to the specified geographic area with which the soil survey area overlaps or coincides.


coldesc:
The name of a geographic area with which the soil survey area overlaps or coincides.  Examples include the name of a particular state or county.


coldesc:
The area overlap of two geographic regions, in acres.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Legend table.  Use this column to join the Legend Area Overlap table to the Legend table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Legend Area Overlap table.


coldesc:
The name of a particular type of geographic area to which the legend applies.  Examples include "Non-MLRA Soil Survey Area" and "MLRA Soil Survey Area".


coldesc:
The identifying symbol given to the specified geographic area to which the legend applies.


coldesc:
The name given to the specified geographic area to which the legend applies.


coldesc:
The acreage total of all land and water areas in the specified geographic area to which the legend applies.  The number listed here is used for administrative purposes and may differ from that measured using GIS software, or other techniques, due to fact that it was assigned to agree with the acreage listed in the NRCS Natural Resource Inventory for the geographic area.


coldesc:
An NRCS business unit responsible for oversight of soil survey production activities of a particular soil survey area.


coldesc:
A short text field used to describe a particular soil survey area legend.


coldesc:
The lead agency designated as responsible for a particular soil survey.


coldesc:
The map scale in which the final map products will be published, expressed as the denominator of the scale, i.e. 24000 = 1:24000.


coldesc:
The date on which the SSURGO product for a particular soil survey is actually archived, expressed as month, day, year -- xx/xx/xxxx.


coldesc:
Identifies the relative geographic extent over which a legend has the most up-to-date soil survey data.

As of SSURGO version 2.1, values for this attribute are no longer provided.  This attribute will be dropped from the next major SSURGO version.


coldesc:
The level of certification assigned to a legend.  Intended to indicate whether or not the legend should be used and the degree of confidence with which it may be used.

As of SSURGO version 2.1, values for this attribute are no longer provided.  This attribute will be dropped from the next major SSURGO version.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Legend table.


coldesc:
A text entry can be identified by its kind, category, and subcategory.  Kind is the highest division of classification.  Text kind provides a grouping of text entries according to their subject matter.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Legend table.  Use this column to join the Legend Text table to the Legend table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Legend Text table.


coldesc:
The symbol used to uniquely identify the soil mapunit in the soil survey.


coldesc:
Correlated name of the mapunit (recommended name or field name for surveys in progress).


coldesc:
Code identifying the kind of mapunit.  Example: C - consociation.


coldesc:
Identifies the current status of the map unit.

As of SSURGO version 2.1, values for this attribute are no longer provided.  This attribute will be dropped from the next major SSURGO version.


coldesc:
The number of acres of a particular map unit within the geographic area to which the legend applies.  The number listed here may differ from that measured using GIS software due to different measuring techniques and rounding practices, or due to the fact that the value has been adjusted so that the sum total of all map units in the legend equals that listed for soil survey area.


coldesc:
The approximate width of a particular map unit delineation represented by a linear soil feature on a soil map.


collabel:
Linear Feature Width - Representative Value


coldesc:
The approximate area of a particular map unit delineation represented by a point feature on a soil map.


collabel:
Point Feature Area - Representative Value


coldesc:
Identification of map units as prime farmland, farmland of statewide importance, or farmland of local importance.


coldesc:
The overall Highly Erodible Lands (HEL) classification for the mapunit based on the rating of its components for wind and water HEL classification.


coldesc:
The Highly Erodible Lands (HEL) classification for the mapunit based on the rating of its components for water HEL classification.


coldesc:
The Highly Erodible Lands (HEL) classification for the mapunit based on the rating of its components for wind HEL classification.


coldesc:
The targeted landuse for which the Map Unit was developed.  The properties of included mapunit components are tailored towards this landuse.


coldesc:
The level of detail and relative intensity of field observation under which the map unit was developed.  Order 1 indicates the highest intensity, and order 5 the lowest.


coldesc:
Corn Suitability Rating (CSR) is an index procedure developed in Iowa to rate each different kind of soil for its row-crop productivity.


coldesc:
Interpretative class for the map unit, based on NH developed interpretations.


coldesc:
New Hampshire Soil Potential Index for Agriculture, 1992 revision.  Used for computation of weighted average SPI on a parcel of land for adjustment of current use land assessment.


coldesc:
The interpretive separations, or class, based on the ability of the map unit to support an onsite septic system. (Ancillary Soil Interpretation Ratings For On-site Sewerage Disposal in Vermont)


coldesc:
The level of certification assigned to a map unit.  Intended to indicate whether or not the map unit should be used and the degree of confidence with which it may be used.

As of SSURGO version 2.1, values for this attribute are no longer provided.  This attribute will be dropped from the next major SSURGO version.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Legend table.  Use this column to join the Mapunit table to the Legend table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
The name of the domain to which a column's values are restricted.  A domain is a finite list of character strings that a column's value may assume.


coldesc:
Specifies the sequence in which the members of a domain should be ordered or displayed.


coldesc:
A character string that represents a member of a domain.  This value must be unique for every member of a given domain.


coldesc:
The narrative text description or definition of a member of a domain.


coldesc:
Indicates if a choice in a choice list or domain is considered "obsolete".  If obsolete, data being currently populated would likely use a different choice.


coldesc:
The number of characters in the longest member of a domain.  Each member of a domain is an ASCII character string consisting of at least 1 but no more than 254 characters.


coldesc:
The name that is used to physically implement a table in a database management system.  In a database, each table's physical name must be unique.


coldesc:
The name that is used to physically implement an index in a database management system.


coldesc:
Specifies the sequence of a column in a database table index.


coldesc:
The name that is used to physically implement a table column in a database management system.  In a database table, each column's physical name must be unique.


coldesc:
Indicates whether or not all values of an index must be unique, or whether duplicate values may exist.


coldesc:
The physical name of a table on the left side of a relationship between two tables.


coldesc:
The physical name of a table on the right side of a relationship between two tables.


coldesc:
A name given to a relationship between two tables.  If there is more than one relationship between the same two tables, the name of each of those relationships must be unique.


coldesc:
The physical name of a column of a table on the left side of a relationship between two tables.  This column is one of several potential columns used to create a join between the two tables involved in a relationship.  The left table column joins to its corresponding right table column.


coldesc:
The physical name of a column of a table on the right side of a relationship between two tables.  This column is one of several potential columns used to create a join between the two tables involved in a relationship.  The right table column joins to its corresponding left table column.


coldesc:
Indicates whether the relationship between the left table and right table is one to one (left is one, right is one) or one to many (left is one, right is many).  For a one to one relationship, a record in the left table is related to no more than one record in the right table.  For a one to many relationship, a record in the left table may be related to more than one record in the right table.  Neither cardinality implies that a record in the left table necessarily has a corresponding record in the right table.


coldesc:
Indicates if in order for a record to exist in the right table of a relationship, a corresponding record must exist in the left table of that relationship, i.e. mandatory = "yes".  In other words, when mandatory is "no", a record may exist in the right table of a relationship without having a corresponding record in the left table of that relationship.


coldesc:
Specifies the sequence of the columns in a database table.


coldesc:
A name associated with a column that is more connotative than the column's corresponding physical name.  For a SSURGO table, every column's logical name must be unique, making a column's logical name a suitable alias for identifying a column.  For SSURGO, column logical names are lower case character strings with no embedded blanks, where individual parts of the logical name may be separated using the underscore character.


coldesc:
A descriptive label associated with a column.  For a SSURGO table, every column's label must be unique, making a column's label a suitable alias for identifying a column.  For SSURGO, column labels are typically mixed case character strings with embedded blanks.


coldesc:
A column's logical data type is its generic, software independent data type.  Since the SSURGO standard does not correspond to any specific database management system (DBMS), the SSURGO metadata records only logical data types.  How a logical data type can be physically implemented varies from DBMS to DBMS.


coldesc:
Indicates whether or not the value of a column in a database table may be null.


coldesc:
The maximum allowable length of a column whose logical data type is "string".


coldesc:
The number of decimal digits that should be displayed for a column whose logical data type is "float".


coldesc:
The minimum allowable value of a column.


coldesc:
The maximum allowable value of a column.


coldesc:
The units of measure in which a column is recorded.


coldesc:
The narrative text description or definition of a column.


coldesc:
A name associated with a database table that is more connotative than the table's corresponding physical name.  For SSURGO, every table's logical name must be unique, making a table's logical name a suitable alias for identifying a table.  For SSURGO, table logical names are lower case character strings with no embedded blanks, where individual parts of the logical name may be separated using the underscore character.


coldesc:
A descriptive label associated with a database table.  For SSURGO, every table's label must be unique, making a table's label a suitable alias for identifying a table.  For SSURGO, table labels are typically mixed case character strings with embedded blanks.


coldesc:
A narrative text description of what a database table represents or records.


coldesc:
The base part of the file name of a table's associated ASCII pipe delimited import/export file.  The complete name of a table's associated import/export file is the base name followed by the characters ".txt".  For example, if the base name is "alpha", the name of the associated import/export file is "alpha.txt".


coldesc:
The difference is elevation between two points, expressed as a percentage of the distance between those points.  This column displays the slope gradient of the dominant component of the map unit based on composition percentage.


coldesc:
The difference is elevation between two points, expressed as a percentage of the distance between those points.  This column displays the weighted average slope gradient of all components in the map unit.


coldesc:
The distance from the soil surface to the top of a bedrock layer, expressed as a shallowest depth of components whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


coldesc:
The shallowest depth to a wet soil layer (water table) at any time during the year expressed as centimeters from the soil surface, for components whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


collabel:
Water Table Depth - April - June - Minimum

coldesc:
The shallowest depth to a wet soil layer (water table) during the months of April through June expressed in centimeters from the soil surface for components whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


coldesc:
The annual probability of a flood event expressed as a class. This column displays the dominant flood frequency class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of map unit components whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


coldesc:
The annual probability of a flood event expressed as a class.  This column displays the highest probability class assigned to an individual component of the map unit whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


coldesc:
The percentage of the map unit that is subject to water being ponded on the soil surface, expressed as one of four classes; 0-14%, 15-49%, 50-74% or 75-100%.


collabel:
Available Water Storage 0-25 cm - Weighted Average

coldesc:
Available water storage (AWS).  The volume of water that the soil, to a depth of 25 centimeters, can store that is available to plants.  It is reported as the weighted average of all components in the map unit, and is expressed as centimeters of water.

AWS is calculated from AWC (available water capacity) which is commonly estimated as the difference between the water contents at 1/10 or 1/3 bar (field capacity) and 15 bars (permanent wilting point) tension, and adjusted for salinity and fragments.


collabel:
Available Water Storage 0-50 cm - Weighted Average

coldesc:
Available water storage (AWS).  The volume of water that the soil, to a depth of 50 centimeters, can store that is available to plants.  It is reported as the weighted average of all components in the map unit, and is expressed as centimeters of water.

AWS is calculated from AWC (available water capacity) which is commonly estimated as the difference between the water contents at 1/10 or 1/3 bar (field capacity) and 15 bars (permanent wilting point) tension, and adjusted for salinity and fragments.


collabel:
Available Water Storage 0-100 cm - Weighted Average

coldesc:
Available water storage (AWS).  The volume of water that the soil, to a depth of 100 centimeters, can store that is available to plants.  It is reported as the weighted average of all components in the map unit, and is expressed as centimeters of water.

AWS is calculated from AWC (available water capacity) which is commonly estimated as the difference between the water contents at 1/10 or 1/3 bar (field capacity) and 15 bars (permanent wilting point) tension, and adjusted for salinity and fragments.


collabel:
Available Water Storage 0-150 cm - Weighted Average

coldesc:
Available water storage (AWS).  The volume of water that the soil, to a depth of 150 centimeters, can store that is available to plants.  It is reported as the weighted average of all components in the map unit, and is expressed as centimeters of water.

AWS is calculated from AWC (available water capacity) which is commonly estimated as the difference between the water contents at 1/10 or 1/3 bar (field capacity) and 15 bars (permanent wilting point) tension, and adjusted for salinity and fragments.


coldesc:
The natural drainage condition of the soil refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods.  This column displays the dominant drainage class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


coldesc:
The natural drainage condition of the soil refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods.  This column displays the wettest drainage class assigned to an individual component of the map unit whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


coldesc:
Hydrologic Group is a grouping of soils that have similar runoff potential under similar storm and cover conditions. This column displays the dominant hydrologic group for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
Irrigated Capability Class - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The broadest category in the land capability classification system for soils.   This column displays the dominant capability class, under irrigated conditions, for the map unit based on composition percentage of all components in the map unit.


collabel:
Irrigated Capability Class  - Dominant Condition Aggregate Percent

coldesc:
The percent composition of the map unit that has the capability class displayed in the Irrigated Capability Class


collabel:
Non-Irrigated Capability Class - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The broadest category in the land capability classification system for soils.   This column displays the dominant capability class, under non-irrigated conditions, for the map unit based on composition percentage of all components in the map unit.


collabel:
Non-Irrigated Capability Class  - Dominant Condition Aggregate Percent

coldesc:
The percent composition of the map unit that has the capability class displayed in the Non-Irrigated Capability Class  - Dominant Condition column.


collabel:
ENG - Dwellings W/O Basements - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for dwellings without basements, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Dwellings with Basements - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for dwellings with basements, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Dwellings with Basements - Least Limiting

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for dwellings with basements, expressed as the least limiting rating class for the map unit, based on the evaluation of each component in the map unit.


collabel:
ENG - Dwellings with Basements - Most Limiting

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for dwellings with basements, expressed as the most limiting rating class for the map unit, based on the evaluation of each component in the map unit.


collabel:
ENG - Septic Tank Absorption Fields - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for septic tank absorption fields, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Septic Tank Absorption Fields - Least Limiting

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for septic tank absorption fields, expressed as the least limiting rating class for the map unit, based on the evaluation of each component in the map unit.


collabel:
ENG - Septic Tank Absorption Fields - Most Limiting

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for septic tank absorption fields, expressed as the most limiting rating class for the map unit, based on the evaluation of each component in the map unit.


collabel:
ENG - Sewage Lagoons - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for sewage lagoons, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Sewage Lagoons - Dominant Component

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for sewage lagoons, expressed as the rating class for the dominant component in the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Local Roads and Streets - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for local roads and streets, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Construction Materials; Sand Source - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a source of sand, expressed as the dominant class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
ENG - Construction Materials; Sand Source - Most Probable

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a source of sand, expressed as the most probable class for the map unit, based on the evaluation of each component whose composition in the map unit is equal to or exceeds 15%.


collabel:
URB/REC - Paths and Trails - Dominant Condition

coldesc:
The rating of the map unit as a site for paths and trails, expressed as the dominant rating class for the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


collabel:
URB/REC - Paths and Trails - Weighted Average

coldesc:
The relative rating of the map unit for use as paths and trails, expressed as a weighted average of numerical ratings for individual soil components in the map unit.  The ratings are on a scale of 0.0 to 1.0, with the higher values indicating more limitations.


collabel:
FOR - Potential Erosion Hazard (Road/Trail) - Dominant Component

coldesc:
The relative potential erosion hazard for the map unit when used as a site for forest roads and trails, expressed as the rating class for the dominant component in the map unit, based on composition percentage of each map unit component.


coldesc:
An indication of the proportion of the map unit, expressed as a class, that is "hydric", based on the hydric classification of individual map unit components.


collabel:
AWM - Manure and Food Processing Waste - Weighted Average

coldesc:
The relative rating of the map unit for use as a disposal site of Manure and Food Processing Wastes, expressed as a weighted average of numerical ratings for individual components in the map unit.  The ratings are on a scale of 0.0 to 1.0, with the higher values indicating increasing limitations.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Mapunit table. It also serves as the non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit Aggregated Attribute table as there is a one-to-one relationship between records in these two tables.  Use this column to join the Mapunit Aggregated Attribute table to the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
The extent, in acres, of the map unit within the geographic area referenced in the Legend Area Overlap table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Legend Area Overlap Table.  Use this column to join the Mapunit Area Overlap table to the Legend Area Overlap table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Mapunit table.  Use this column to join the Mapunit Area Overlap table to the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit Area Overlap table.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Mapunit table.  Use this column to join the Mapunit Crop Yield table to the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit Crop Yield table.


coldesc:
Text kind provides a grouping of text entries according to their subject matter.  For example, the text kind "edit notes" groups text entries that deal with adding or changing data.


coldesc:
The unique identifier of a record in the Mapunit table.  Use this column to join the Mapunit Text table to the Mapunit table.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit Text table.


coldesc:
A sequential integer number used to denote the overall serial version of the data (tabular and/or spatial) for a soil survey area.


coldesc:
The date and time that a particular version of data (tabular and/or spatial) for the soil survey area was established.


coldesc:
A sequential integer number used to denote the serial version of the tabular data for a soil survey area.


coldesc:
The date and time that a particular version of tabular data for the soil survey area was established.


coldesc:
The FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) spatial and/or tabular metadata for the corresponding soil survey area, in XML format.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Survey Area Catalog table.


coldesc:
The connotative name of an interpretation.


coldesc:
Indicates if the corresponding interpretation is designed as a limitation, suitability or class.


coldesc:
A narrative text description of the logic used to generate an interpretation.


coldesc:
The date and time that the logic of an interpretation was last modified.


coldesc:
The date and time that the corresponding interpretive results for this interpretation were generated.


coldesc:
A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Survey Area Interpretation table.


# mdstattabs

tabdesc:
The Horizon AASHTO table contains the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials classification(s) for the referenced horizon.  One row in this table is marked as the representative AASHTO classification for the horizon.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Consistence table contains descriptive terms of soil consistence -- rupture resistance, plasticity, and stickiness -- for the referenced horizon.  One row in this table is marked as having the representative characteristics for the horizon.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Designation Suffix table contains the designation suffix(es), one per row,  for the referenced horizon.  For example, the "h" and "s" of a Bhs horizon appear as two rows in this table.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Fragments table lists the mineral and organic fragments that generally occur in the referenced horizon.  If the Volume % is greater than zero (low=5, RV=10, high=15) in a row, the kind and size of fragment in that row exists everywhere this horizon and component occur in the map unit.  If the Volume % includes zero (low=0, RV=5, high=10), the kind and size of fragment may exist in some places, but not in others.


tabdesc:
The Horizon table lists the horizon(s) and related data for the referenced map unit component.  If the horizon thickness is greater than zero (low=5, RV=8, high=12), the horizon exists everywhere this component occurs.  If the horizon thickness includes zero (low=0, RV=1, high=3), the horizon may exist in some places, but not in other places.
Horizons that have two distinct parts, such as E/B or E&Bt horizons, are recorded twice.  Once for the characteristics of the first part; and again on another row, using the same depths and thicknesses, for the characteristics of the other part.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Pores table lists the voids for the referenced horizon.  If the Quantity is greater than zero (low=2, RV=5, high=10) in a row, the voids in that row exist everywhere the horizon and component occur in the map unit.  If the Quantity includes zero (low=0, RV=2, high=5), the voids may exist in some places, but not in others.  More than one row can be marked as an RV row because a horizon may have more than one size or shape of void.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Structure table lists the individual soil structure size, grade, and shape terms for the referenced horizon.  Terms in this table are assembled into a structure group string which is recorded in the Horizon Structure Group table.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Structure Group table lists the ranges of  soil structure for the referenced horizon.  The row with the typically occurring structure is marked as being representative.  The entry in this table is based on grouping of entries in the Horizon Structure table.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Text table contains notes and narrative descriptions related to the referenced horizon.  Some notes may provide additional information about the horizon for which there is no explicit column for such data.  In many cases, the table is empty for a particular horizon.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Texture table lists the individual texture(s), or term(s) used in lieu of texture, for the referenced horizon.  Only the unmodified texture terms are listed in the Horizon Texture table; modifiers are listed in the Horizon Texture Modifier table.  For example, a gravelly loamy sand is shown as "GR-LS" in the Horizon Texture Group table, "ls" in the Horizon Texture table, and "gr" in the Horizon Texture Modifier table.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Texture Group table lists the range of textures for the referenced horizon as a concatenation of horizon texture and texture modifier(s).  For example, a horizon that is gravelly loamy sand in some places and gravelly loamy coarse sand in other places is shown as GR-LS on one row and GR-LCOS on another row in this table.  The row with the typically occurring texture is identified as the RV row.  Stratified textures are shown in one row.  For example, a horizon that is stratified gravelly loamy fine sand and cobbly coarse sand is shown as SR- GR-LFS CB-COS on one row and the Stratified? column for that row is marked "yes".  If two or more textures always occur together but are not stratified, all of the textures are listed on one row and the Stratified? column for that row is marked "no".


tabdesc:
The Horizon Texture Modifier table lists the texture modifier(s) for the referenced texture.  For example, a gravelly loamy sand is shown as "GR-LS" in the Horizon Texture Group table, "ls" in the Horizon Texture table, and "gr" in this table.


tabdesc:
The Horizon Unified table contains the Unified Soil Classification(s) for the referenced horizon.  One row in the Horizon Unified table is marked as the representative Unified classification for the horizon.


tabdesc:
The Component Canopy Cover table lists the overstory plants that typically occur on the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Crop Yield table lists commonly grown crops and their expected range in yields when grown on the referenced map unit component.  Yields for the map unit as a whole are given in the Mapunit Crop Yield table.


tabdesc:
The Component Diagnostic Features table lists the typical soil features, such as ochric epipedon or cambic horizon, for the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Ecological Classification table identifies the ecological sites typically associated with the referenced map unit component.  These may include the official NRCS forestland and rangland ecological sites, as well as those of other classification systems, such as the USFS Habitat Types.


tabdesc:
The Component Existing Plants table lists the plants, either rangeland or forestland plants, that typically occur on the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Erosion Accelerated table lists the kinds of accelerated erosion that occur on the referenced map unit component.  One row in this table is marked as the representative kind of accelerated erosion for that component.


tabdesc:
The Component Forest Productivity table lists the site index and the annual productivity in cubic feet per acre per year (CAMI) of forest overstory tree species that typically occur on the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Forest Productivity - Other table lists the site index and annual productivity of forest overstory tree species in units other than cubic feet per acre per year for trees that typically occur on the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Geomorphic Description table lists the geomorphic features on which the referenced map unit component typically occurs.


tabdesc:
The Component Hydric Criteria table lists the hydric soil criteria met for those referenced map unit components that are classified as a "hydric soil."


tabdesc:
The Component Interpretation table lists the predictions of behavior and limiting features for specified uses made for the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Month table lists the monthly flooding and ponding characteristics for the referenced map unit component.  This table has one row for each month of the year.


tabdesc:
The Component table lists the map unit components identified in the referenced map unit, and selected properties of each component.  If the Component % is greater than zero (low=65, RV=75, high=90) for a component, that component exists in every delineation of that mapunit.  If the Component % includes zero (low=0, RV=50, high=90), the component may exist in some delineations, but not in others.


tabdesc:
The Component Parent Material table lists the individual parent material(s) for the referenced map unit component.    In some cases where soils developed in multiple materials in a vertical sequence, that sequence will be noted.  In other cases multiple entries with no vertical sequence noted indicates the soil may have formed in one of the materials listed.


tabdesc:
The Component Parent Material Group table lists the concatenated string of parent material(s) in which the referenced map unit component formed based on entries in the Component Parent Material table.  For example, a component formed in one parent material, such as loess, or one vertical sequence of parent materials, such as loamy glacial drift over silty residuum weathered from shale, has one row in this table.  A component formed in one parent material in some locations, but another parent material (or sequence of parent materials) in other locations has two rows in this table, one for each parent material (or sequence of parent materials).  One row is identified as the representative parent material.


tabdesc:
The Component Potential Windbreak table lists the windbreak plant species commonly recommended for the referenced map unit component.  A windbreak plant listed in this table may be used alone or in combination with other plants.


tabdesc:
The Component Restrictions table lists the root restrictive feature(s) or layer(s) for the referenced map unit component.  If the thickness of the restrictive layer is greater than zero (low=5, RV=8, high=10), the restrictive layer exists in all delineations of the map unit where the component occurs.  If the thickness of the restrictive layer includes zero (low=0, RV=2, high=5), the restrictive layer may exist in some delineations, but not in others.  This table will be empty if the component does not have restrictive features, but could have several rows if several restrictive features occur in the soil.


tabdesc:
The Component Soil Moisture table describes the typical soil moisture profile for the referenced map unit component during the month referenced in the Component Month table.  The soil moisture profiles for each month, taken as a group of twelve months, describe the representative situation for the component throughout the year.


tabdesc:
The Component Soil Temperature table describes the typical soil temperature profile for the referenced map unit component during the month referenced in the Component Month table.  The soil temperature profiles for each month, taken as a group of twelve months, describe the representative situation for the component throughout the year.


tabdesc:
The Component Surface Fragments table lists the organic or mineral fragments that generally occur on the surface of the referenced map unit component.  If the cover percent is greater than zero (low=0.1, RV=1, high=3) for a row in this table, the fragment is in every delineation of the map unit where the referenced component occurs.  If the Cover % includes zero (low=0, RV=0.01, high=1) for a row in this table, the fragment may exist in some delineations and not in others.


tablabel:
Component Three Dimensional Surface Morphometry

tabdesc:
The Component Three Dimensional Surface Morphometry table lists the typical geomorphic position (s) of the referenced map unit component, in three dimension terms.  The geomorphic position(s) listed in this table apply to the geomorphic feature referenced in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


tablabel:
Component Two Dimensional Surface Morphometry

tabdesc:
The Component Two Dimensional Surface Morphometry table lists the geomorphic position(s) of the referenced map unit component, in two dimensional hillslope profile terms.  The geomorphic position(s) listed in this table apply to the geomorphic feature referenced  in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


tabdesc:
The Component Microrelief Surface Morphometry table lists microrelief features associated with the referenced geomorphic (microfeature) feature shown in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


tablabel:
Component Slope Shape Surface Morphometry

tabdesc:
The Component Slope Shape Surface Morphometry table lists the geomorphic shape(s) of the referenced map unit component, in slope shape terms.  The slope shape terms listed in this table apply to the referenced geomorphic feature shown in the Component Geomorphic Description table.


tabdesc:
The Component Taxonomic Family Mineralogy table lists the mineralogy characteristics, as defined in Soil Taxonomy, that apply to the referenced map unit component.


tabdesc:
The Component Taxonomic Moisture Class table provides clear identification of the intended taxonomic moisture class, as defined in Soil Taxonomy, that apply to the referenced map unit component, even though moisture class is implied at a higher taxonomic level.  The class or classes listed in this table describe the representative situation for the component.


tabdesc:
The Component Text table contains notes and narrative descriptions for the referenced map unit component.  In many cases, the table will be empty for a particular component.


tabdesc:
The Component Trees To Manage table lists the trees commonly recommended for managing on the referenced map unit component.


tablabel:
Component Taxonomic Family Other Criteria

tabdesc:
The Component Taxonomic Family Other Criteria table lists the other taxonomic characteristics, such as classes of coatings or permanent cracks, as defined in Soil Taxonomy, that apply to the referenced map unit component.  The characteristics listed in this table describe the representative situation for the component.


tabdesc:
The Distribution Interp Metadata table records the set of NASIS fuzzy logic interpretations which were generated for the map unit components included in a set of distribution data.


tabdesc:
The Distribution Legend Metadata table records information about the legends or soil survey areas selected for inclusion in a set of distributed data.  The presence of a legend in this table does not imply that all of the available data for that legend was included in the set of data that was distributed.  Only certain map units and components for that legend may have been selected.  The record of the criteria used for selecting map units and components may be found in the Distribution Metadata table.


tabdesc:
The Distribution Metadata table records information associated with the selection of a set of data for distribution to some entity or information system external to NASIS.  A set of distribution data may include only selected map units from a legend or legends, and only selected components of those map units.  This table records the criteria used for selecting map units and components for inclusion in the set of distributed data.  Other recorded information includes the name of the NASIS user who initiated a distribution request, and the times when that request was made, and when that request was ultimately processed.


tabdesc:
This table records the description of all spot features that occur in a soil survey area.


tabdesc:
This table records all of the spot features of a soil survey area that are represented as one or more lines.  This table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information is delivered depends on the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to a spot feature line is represented by a record in the Feature Description table.


tabdesc:
This table records all of the spot features of a soil survey area that are represented as one or more points.  This table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information is delivered depends on the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to a spot feature point is represented by a record in the Feature Description table.


tabdesc:
The Legend Area Overlap table lists the geographic areas that are coincident with the soil survey area identified in the Legend table.  For example, a survey area that covers two counties would have two rows in this table, one for each county.  Other types of geographic areas listed might include state, MLRA, rainfall (R) factor area, climate (C) factor area, etc.


tabdesc:
The Legend table identifies the soil survey area that the legend is related to, and related information about that legend.


tabdesc:
The Legend Text table contains notes and narrative descriptions related to the referenced legend.  Legend text is optional.  In many cases, this table is empty.


tabdesc:
The Mapunit table identifies the map units included in the referenced legend.  Data related the map unit as a whole are also given.


tabdesc:
The Domain Detail Static Metadata table records the individual domain members for all domains associated with the tabular data set.  Each record in this table represents one member of a particular domain.


tabdesc:
The Domain Master Static Metadata table records the metadata that pertains to a domain as a whole, for all domains associated with the tabular data set.  A domain is a fixed set of choices to which a column's value is restricted.  Each column in the Table Column Static Metadata table whose logical data type is "choice", has a corresponding domain.  Each record in this table represents a particular domain.  A particular domain may serve as the domain for more than one column.  Information about the members that make up a particular domain is found in the Domain Detail Static Metadata table.


tabdesc:
The Index Detail Static Metadata table records what columns of a table make up a particular index.  Each record in this table represents one column of a particular index.


tabdesc:
The Index Master Static Metadata table records the metadata that pertains to an index, as a whole, for all indexes defined for the tabular data set.  Each record in this table represents one index for a particular table.  An index is based on one or more columns from a particular table.  Information about the columns that make up an index is found in the Index Detail Static Metadata table.


tabdesc:
The Relationship Detail Static Metadata table records the pairs of join columns that define a particular relationship.  Each record in this table represents one pair of join columns for a particular relationship.


tabdesc:
The Relationship Master Static Metadata table records the metadata that pertains to a relationship, as a whole, for all relationships defined for the tabular data set.  Each record in this table represents one particular relationship between two related tables.  A relationship involves one or more pairs of join columns, and more than one relationship may exist between the same two tables.  Information about the join columns involved in a relationship is found in the Relationship Detail Static Metadata table.


tabdesc:
The Table Column Static Metadata table records the metadata for all columns of all tables that make up the tabular data set.  Each record in this table represents one column of a particular table.


tabdesc:
The Table Static Metadata table records metadata about the tables that make up the tabular data set.  Each record in this table represents one table.


tabdesc:
The Mapunit Aggregated Attribute table records a variety of soil attributes and interpretations that have been aggregated from the component level to a single value at the map unit level. They have been aggregated by one or more appropriate means in order to express a consolidated value or interpretation for the map unit as a whole.


tabdesc:
The Mapunit Area Overlap table lists the map units that exist in the overlap between the entire soil survey area and the referenced geographic area in the Legend Area Overlap table.


tabdesc:
The Mapunit Crop Yield table lists commonly grown crops and their expected yields for the referenced map unit as a whole.  Yields for individual map unit components are given in the Component Crop Yield table.


tabdesc:
This table records all of the soil map units of a soil survey area that are represented as one or more lines.  This table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information is delivered depends on the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to a map unit line is represented by a record in the Map Unit table.


tabdesc:
This table records all of the soil map units of a soil survey area that are represented as one or more points.  This table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information is delivered depends on the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to a map unit point is represented by a record in the Map Unit table.


tabdesc:
This table records all of the soil map units of a soil survey area that are represented as one or more polygons.  This table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information is delivered depends on the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to a map unit polygon is represented by a record in the Map Unit table.


tabdesc:
The Mapunit Text table contains notes and narrative descriptions related to the referenced map unit.


tabdesc:
This table records the primary dynamic cetadata associated with a soil survey area.  This includes such things as survey area version, tabular data version, etc. The remaining dynamic metadata, which soil interpretations were generated for the corresponding soil survey area, is recorded in the Survey Area Interpretation table.


tabdesc:
This table records information about the soil interpretations that were generated for a soil survey area.


tabdesc:
This table records the set of polygons that make up a soil survey area boundary.  The table is not like other tabular data tables that are delivered as ASCII delimited files.  How the information in this table is delivered depends of the spatial format that was requested at the time the corresponding soil survey area data was exported.  Spatial information is typically delivered in GIS vendor specific format, and more than one output file may be produced when the information for this spatial entity is exported.  Consequently, no spatially oriented columns are shown, because the name and number of columns necessary to portray spatial characteristics vary depending on spatial format.

This table is documented in order to show attributes that will always be available when working with the corresponding spatial entity in a GIS.  These attributes have two purposes.  One purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding spatial entity.  The other purpose is to identify each instance of the corresponding tabular entity.  The tabular entity corresponding to the survey area boundary is represented by a record in the Legend table.


# muaggatt

muname:
Occum fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Ondawa fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Podunk fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Rumney fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Gloucester sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Gloucester sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Hinckley gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock gravelly fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Lyman-Tunbridge-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canaan-Berkshire fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor-Hollis complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Suncook loamy sand, occasionally flooded


muname:
Ondawa fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Colton loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Agawam very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Agawam very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Chatfield-Hollis-Montauk complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Windsor loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Madawaska fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Deerfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Roundabout very fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Lyme and Moosilauke soils, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Lyme and Moosilauke soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Adams loamy sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Tunbridge-Lyman-Becket complex, 25 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Pootatuck fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Occum fine sandy loam, occasionally flooded


muname:
Medomak mucky silt loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Canton fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Scituate-Newfields complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Montauk fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Urban land-Pootatuck complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, protected


muname:
Rippowam fine sandy loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Ninigret fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Ninigret fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Belgrade very fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Belgrade very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Squamscott fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Walpole very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Walpole very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Becket fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Windsor-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Saco mucky silt loam, frequently flooded


muname:
Croghan fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes


muname:
Pillsbury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Pillsbury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Paxton fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock-Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Berkshire fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Urban land-Canton complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Hermon fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Adams-Lyman complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 15 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Marlow variant fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 8 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Boscawen fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Sunapee variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Sunapee variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Woodstock complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock variant, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Monadnock variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Millsite-Woodstock-Henniker complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes


muname:
Woodstock-Millsite-Rock outcrop complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Bice fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Monadnock variant, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hermon sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Henniker-Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Skerry fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Metacomet fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Dixfield variant, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Dixfield variant, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony


muname:
Hollis-Rock outcrop-Chatfield complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes


muname:
Groveton very fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes


muname:
Champlain-Urban land complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes


# mutext

text:
This nearly level, well drained soil is on flood plains. The areas are long and narrow, or somewhat rectangular. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 4 to 6 feet from November to April. Frost action potential is moderate. Most of this soil has a hazard of frequent flooding. In some areas, however, the hazard of flooding is occasional. These areas are subject to flooding generally from February through April.


text:
These soils are well suited to growing high quality hardwood veneer and sawtimber, especially sugar maple, white ash, yellow birch, and northern red oak. Successional trends are toward climax stands of shade tolerant hardwoods, i.e., sugar maple and beech. Early mid-successional stands frequently contain a variety of hardwoods such as sugar maple, beech, red maple, yellow, gray and white birch, aspen, white ash, and northern red oak in varying combinations with red and white spruce, balsam fir, hemlock and white pine. Softwoods are usually less abundant and are best managed as a minor component of predominantly hardwood stands. Successful natural regeneration of softwoods and the establishment of plantations is dependent upon persistent, mechanical and chemical hardwood control efforts.


text:
These areas are suited to growing hay, pasture, and in some places, row crops. Land grading and land smoothing are applicable practices. Streambank protection, cover crops, and alternate strips of row crops and sod are the most applicable practices for erosion control. Flooding is a management consideration.


text:
This unit consists of excavation from which gravel or sand has been removed. The areas are mostly on outwash plains and stream terraces. The vegetation, if any exists, is generally drought tolerant plants that are sparsely populated. Slopes range mostly from 0 to 3 percent on the pit floor and 35 to 80 percent on the very steep sides of the pit. Permeability is rapid or very rapid. Available water capacity is very low. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. The depth to the seasonal high water table is quite variable, but is often near the surface of the floor of the pit.


text:
This nearly level, excessively drained soil is on flood plains. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at a depth of 3 to 6 feet from January through April. Frost action potential is low. This soil is subject to occasional flooding. Flooding generally occurs from March to May.


text:
This nearly level, moderately well drained soil is on flood plains. The areas are generally long and narrow and range from 3 to 20 acres, or they are somewhat rectangular. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is greater than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November through April. Frost action potential is moderate. Most of this soil is subject to frequent flooding. Flooding generally occurs from November through April.


text:
This nearly level, poorly drained soil is in depressions and on low-bottoms of flood plains. The areas are long and narrow, or oblong. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is greater than 5 feet. The high water table is between the surface and 1.5 feet from September through June. This soil is subject to frequent flooding. Flooding generally occurs between October and May. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These soils have limitations that make them generally unsuited to conventional field crop cultivation.


text:
This gently sloping, well drained soil is on glaciated upland plains and hilltops. The areas are generally somewhat oval. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
These soils are well suited to growing hardwoods such as white birch and northern red oak that are less nutrient and moisture demanding than other species. Successional trends on these soils are toward a climax of tolerant hardwoods, predominantly beech. Early and mid-successional stands are commonly composed of a variety of hardwood species such as sugar maple, beech, red maple, yellow, gray and white birch, aspen, white ash, and northern red oak in varying combinations with red spruce, balsam fir, hemlock and white pine. Softwoods may be scarce to moderately abundant and generally are managed in groups or as part of a mixed stand. Successful natural regeneration of softwoods and the establishment of plantations is dependent upon persistent mechanical and chemical hardwood control efforts.


text:
This strongly sloping, well drained soil is on hilltops, sideslopes, and plains of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally somewhat oblong, or irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
These areas are generally unsuited to forest management or wood production.


text:
This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in depressions and along drainageways on glacial outwash plains and terraces. The areas are irregular, or are long and narrow. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 1 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The high water table is between a ponded depth of 1 foot above the surface and 1 foot below the surface from September through July. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
These soils have limitations that make them unsuited to conventional field crop cultivation.


text:
This moderately well drained soil is on broad crests, concave lower foot slopes, and along drainageways of smooth landforms of the glaciated uplands. The areas are oblong, long and narrow, or are irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the compacted substratum or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. The depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November to May. The hardpan is at a depth of 18 to 32 inches and limits rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These soils are well suited to growing high quality softwood sawtimber, especially white pine, in nearly pure stands. Less site demanding hardwoods such as northern red oak and white birch make fair to good growth on sites where soil moisture is more abundant. Successional trends on these soils are toward stands of shade tolerant softwoods, i.e., red spruce and hemlock. White pine, red maple, aspen, gray birch and paper birch are common in early and mid-successional stands. With modest levels of management, white pine can be maintained and naturally reproduced on these soils.


text:
This excessively drained soil is on glacial outwash plains and terraces. Permeability is rapid to very rapid. Available water capacity is very low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
Under very intensive management, these areas are suited to use for hay, pasture, and row crops. Cover cropping, contour tillage, diversions, and grassed waterways are applicable erosion control practices used on those soils with slope gradients exceeding 3 percent. Green manure crops and animal manure add needed organic matter. Irrigation is essential for the growing of most row and truck crops. Choose forage varieties adapted to droughty soil conditions.


text:
This strongly sloping, excessively drained soil is on glacial outwash plains, kames, and terraces. The areas are generally irregular, or are oblong. Permeability is rapid to very rapid in the solum and very rapid in the substratuam. Available water capacity is very low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
These areas are suited to limited use for hay and pasture. The growing of sod crops and reseeding in strips across the slope where slopes are long are the best methods of preventing excessive erosion. If row cropping sequence of not more than one year, row crop with winter cover crop followed by three or more years of sod together with stripcropping, will reduce soil losses. Frequent fertilizer applications are essential to avoid nutrient loss due to rapid leaching. Choose forage varieties adapted to droughty soil conditions.


text:
These soils have physical limitations which make forest management more difficult and costly, i.e., steep slopes, bedrock outcrops, erosive textures, surface boulders, and extreme stoniness. Generally, productivity of these soils is not greatly affected by their physical limitations. However, management activities such as tree planting, thinning, and harvesting are more difficult and more costly. Successional trends and special management opportunities are variable by site.


text:
This moderately steep to very steep excessively drained soil is on glacial outwash escarpments, kames, and eskers. The areas are long and narrow, irregular, or are oblong. Available water capacity is very low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
This complex consists of steep and very steep soils and areas of exposed bedrock in such an intricate pattern on the landscape that it was not practical to map them separately. The complex is about 40 percent somewhat excessively drained, shallow to bedrock Hollis soils, 25 percent Rock outcrop, 20 percent well drained, moderately deep Chatfield soils, and 15 percent other soils. This complex is on sideslopes of hills and mountains of the glaciated uplands. Stones cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface.


text:
These areas are suited to growing hay, pasture, and row crops. These soils need to be protected from erosion when cultivated. Applicable practices include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, stripcropping, minimum tillage, grassed waterways, and a row crop-sod cropping sequence. Subsurface stones are a management consideration.


text:
This well drained soil is on plains and hilltops of the glaciated uplands. The areas are somewhat oval, or irregularly shaped. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
These areas are well suited to use for hay and pasture. Intensive use of conservation practices is essential when used for row crops. A combination of erosion control practices is essential to protect the soil when used for corn and other row crop production. Applicable practices include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, minimum tillage, stripcropping, and row crop-sod cropping sequences. Subsurface stones are a management consideration.


text:
This moderately steep, well drained soil is on sideslopes of hills and mountains of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally irregularly shaped, or are oblong. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
This complex consists of moderately steep soils and areas of exposed bedrock in such an intricate pattern on the landscape that it was not practical to map them separately. The complex is about 40 percent somewhat excessively drained, shallow to bedrock Lyman soils, 30 percent well drained, moderately deep Tunbridge soils, 20 percent Rock outcrop, and 10 percent other soils. This complex is on sideslopes of hills and mountains of the glaciated uplands. Stones cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface.


text:
This complex consists of steep and very steep soils and areas of exposed bedrock in such an intricate pattern on the landscape that it was not practical to map them separately. The complex is about 40 percent somewhat excessively drained, shallow to bedrock Lyman soils; 30 percent well drained, moderately deep to bedrock Tunbridge soils; 20 percent exposed bedrock; and 10 percent other soils. This complex is on steep sideslopes of hills and mountains of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally irregular and range from 10 to 600 acres. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area.


text:
These soils are on hills and ridges. They formed in glacial till. Canaan soils have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches. Berkshire soils are deep and well drained.


text:
This moderately well drained soil is along drainageways, in slight depressions of till plains, and on lower slopes of the glaciated uplands. The areas are irregularly shaped, long and narrow, or oblong. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 15 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 3 feet from November to May. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This map unit consists of Windsor soils and Hollis soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. They are on choppy terraces that are underlain by bedrock. Windsor soils are deep, excessively drained, and make up about 50 percent of the unit. Hollis soils have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches and make up about 30 percent of the map unit.


text:
This map unit consists of Adams soils and Lyman soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. They are on choppy terraces that are underlain by bedrock. Adams soils are deep, excessively drained, and make up about 50 percent of the unit. Lyman soils have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches and make up about 30 percent of the map unit.


text:
These areas are not very well suited to hay, pasture, or row crops. Many areas of this soil are subject to severe erosion during flooding. Streambank protection and cover crops are the major applicable erosion control practices. Selection of plant varieties adapted to droughty soil conditions that will be compatible with flooding conditions is an essential management consideration. Green manure crops and irrigation are necessary for most row crop production.


text:
This unit consists of areas that have been filled. The fill material is sandy or loamy soil material. The areas filled are generally low spots on outwash plains, terraces, flood plains, and upland tills. The areas are generally in, or near urban centers. The thickness of the fill varies from 3 feet to over several feet. The areas are generally rectangular, or are irregularly shaped. Slopes are generally less than 3 percent, but range to 15 percent. Included in mapping are small areas of urban land that have the surface covered with asphalt, concrete, or buildings. Also included are small areas of nonsoil material such as sawdust, bricks, boards, metals, glass, and other masonry materials. A few areas have inclusions of cuts associated with the areas of fill.


text:
This nearly level, well drained soil is on flood plains. The areas are long and narrow, or somewhat rectangular. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 4 to 6 feet from November to April. Frost action potential is moderate. Most of this soil has a hazard of occasional flooding. In some areas, however, the hazard of flooding is rare. These areas are subject to flooding generally from February through April.


text:
These soils are well suited to growing spruce and balsam fir pulpwood and sawtimber. Successional trends are toward climax stands of shade tolerant softwoods. i.e., red spruce and hemlock. Balsam fir is a persistent component in nearly all stands. Early and mid-successional stands frequently contain a variety of hardwoods such as red maple, yellow, gray and paper birch, aspen, and white and black ash in varying mixtures with red spruce, hemlock balsam fir and white pine. Advanced natural regeneration is usually adequate to fully stock a stand, and hardwood competition is not generally a serious problem. However, under intensive management, chemical control of competing woody and herbaceous vegetation may be desirable.


text:
Where previously drained, these areas are suited to use for hay, pasture, and limited row crops. Contour tillage, cover crops, stripcropping, and row crop-sod cropping sequences are applicable erosion control practices for those soils with 3 to 8 percent slopes. Choose forage varieties adapted to poorly drained soils.


text:
This poorly to somewhat poorly drained soil is in depressions on glacial outwash plains and stream terraces. The areas are generally irregular or oblong. Available water capacity is low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is between the surface and a depth of 1.5 feet from December through April. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This well drained soil is on terraces and glacial outwash plains. The areas are generally somewhat rectangular. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is low.


text:
These areas are well suited to growing hay, pasture, and row crops. Erosion is generally not a problem. Where erosion does occur, simple practices such as cross slope tillage and a row crop-sod cropping sequence may be needed.


text:
This moderately well drained soil is in slightly concave depressional areas of outwash plains and stream terraces. The areas are somewhat oval or irregular. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and rapid to very rapid in the substratum. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 1/2 to 3 feet, from November to April. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
These areas are suited to the growing of hay, pasture, and row crops. Artificial drainage is essential for high yields of corn and truck crops. Applicable practices include subsurface drains and drainage ditches. Diversions, grassed waterways, contour tillage, cover crops, stripcropping, and row crop-sod sequences are practices useful in controlling erosion on those soils with slope gradients greater than 3 percent. Choose forage varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils.


text:
These areas have limitations that nearly preclude their use for commercial crop production.


text:
This nearly level very poorly drained soil is in depressions on outwash plains, terraces, glaciated uplands, and along borders to lakes, ponds, and streams. The areas are generally irregularly shaped. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent, but are dominantly less than 1 percent. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. A high water table is between a ponded depth of 1 foot above the surface and 1 foot below the surface from September through June. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This moderately well drained soil is on concave lower foot slopes, and on broad crests of smooth landforms in the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally somewhat oblong. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the firm, compacted substratum or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. The depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November to May. The hardpan is at a depth of 15 to 28 inches and limits rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These areas are suited to hay, pasture, and row crops. Useful drainage practices may include drainage ditches and subsurface drains. Drainage is critical for high yields of alfalfa corn and apple orchards. Erosion control is critical on sloping soils. Useful practices include stripcropping, contour tillage, minimum tillage, diversions, cover crops, waterways, and row crop-sod cropping sequences. These soils are slow to warm in the spring. Forage varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils should be used. Subsurface stones are a management consideration.


text:
Added mapunit at the Nov. 29, 1994 Correlation Visit.  Correlated 313A and 313B to this mapunit and made slope range from  0 to 5 percent.


text:
This nearly level poorly drained soil is in broad basins and drainageways of wide plains and in narrow drainageways between hills. Areas are irregular in shape and range from 4 to 150 acres in size. In most places, the soil surface has scattered low hummocks less than 1 foot in height. The depth to seasonal high water table is 0.5 to 1.5 feet and the depth to bedrock is 60 inches. Permeability is rapid. The available water capacity is low and the potential frost action is moderate.


text:
These areas are suited to hay, pasture, and row crops where drainage practices have previously been installed. The erosion hazard is severe on those soils with 3 to 8 percent slopes. A combination of erosion control practices is essential to protect the soil when used for corn production. Applicable practices include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, minimum tillage, stripcropping, and row crop-sod cropping sequences. Plant varieties adapted to poorly drained soils should be used.


text:
This nearly level, poorly drained soil is in depressions and along drainageways on stream terraces and within old glacial lake plains. The areas are generally irregularly shaped, or are oblong. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and subsoil, and slow in the substratum. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is between a depth of .5 to 2 feet from November through May. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These nearly level to gently sloping, poorly to somewhat poorly drained soils are in depressions and along drainageways of the glaciated uplands. The areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from 3 to 40 acres. This mapping unit is approximately 40 percent Lyme soils, 35 percent Moosilauke soils, and 25 percent other soils. The areas of this soil consist of Lyme soils or Moosilauke soils or both. These soils were mapped together because they have no major differences in use and management in the landscape pattern that they occur in within this map unit. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area.


text:
This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in depressions on outwash plains, terraces, and uplands. The areas are irregularly shaped, oblong, or long and narrow. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent, but are dominantly less than one percent. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid in the organic layers and rapid to very rapid in the mineral substratum. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The high water table is between a ponded depth of 1 foot above the surface and .5 feet below the surface from January to December. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These are areas from which rock has been quarried.


text:
This unit consists of areas of exposed bedrock. The areas are generally on the tops of mountains, or steep cliffs on mountainsides, in the glaciated uplands. The areas are irregularly shaped and range from 3 to 1,000 acres. The most extensive area of this unit is the higher slopes and peaks of major mountains in the survey area. Slopes range from 3 to 80 percent.


text:
This nearly level, moderately well drained soil is on flood plains. The areas are generally long and narrow and range from 3 to 20 acres, or they are somewhat rectangular. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent, but are dominantly less than 2 percent. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is greater than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November through April. Frost action potential is moderate. Most of this soil is subject to occasional flooding. Flooding generally occurs from November through April.


text:
These areas are suited to growing hay, pasture, and row crops. Applicable practices include land smoothing, land grading, drainage ditches, and subsurface drainage. Streambank protection, cover crops, and alternate strips of row crops and sod are the main practices used for erosion control. Flooding and a seasonal high water table are management problems. Choose plant varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils.


text:
These areas are well suited to growing hay, pasture, and row crops. Streambank protection and cover crops are the most applicable practices for erosion control on these soils. Occasional flooding is a management consideration.


text:
This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in depressions and low-bottoms of flood plains. The areas are long and narrow or somewhat oblong. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent, but are dominantly 1 percent or less. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is greater than 5 feet. The high water table is between the surface and .5 feet from September through June. This soil is subject to frequent flooding from October through May. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This map unit consists of moderately well drained Scituate and Newfields soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. They are on the lower sideslopes of hills and on low knolls. Areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from 5 to 150 acres in size. This map unit is about 50 percent Scituate soils, 25 percent Newfields soils, and 25 percent other soils.


text:
This map unit consists of moderately well drained Scituate and Newfields soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. They are on the lower sideslopes of hills, on wide plains and on low knolls. Areas are long and narrow or irregular in shape and range from 5 to 250 acres in size. This map unit is about 50 percent Scituate soils, 25 percent Newfields soils, and 25 percent other soils. Stones cover 0.01 to 3 percent of the soil surface.


text:
This well drained soil is on crests of smooth sided hills of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally oblong. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the compacted substratum, or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. The dense hardpan is at depths of 18 to 36 inches and limits the rooting depth of plants. A seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 to 3.5 feet in March and April. The depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This well drained soil is on smooth sided hills of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally oblong. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover 5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the compacted substratum, or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. The dense hardpan is at depths of 18 to 36 inches and limits the rooting depth of plants. A seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 or 3.5 feet in March and April. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
These soils are in upland basins and in drainageways. They are very poorly drained soils formed in glacial till. Depth to bedrock is more than five feet in these soils.


text:
This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is in depressions and drainageways of the uplands, and on outwash plains, terraces and lake plains. The areas are long and narrow, oblong, or irregularly shaped. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent, but are dominantly less than one percent. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid in the organic layers and moderately slow to moderate in the mineral substratum. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The high water table is between a ponded depth of one foot above the surface and .5 feet below the surface from January to December. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This map unit consists of Urban land and gently sloping Pootatuck soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. These areas are on flood plains that have been partially covered by streets, parking lots, and buildings. They are rectangular or irregular in shape and range from 6 to 250 acres in size. This map unit is about 55 percent Urban land, 25 percent Pootatuck soils, and 20 percent other soils.


text:
Where previously drained, these areas are suited to use for hay, pasture, and some row crops. Erosion during periods of flooding is a problem in some areas. Cover crops, row crop-sod cropping sequences, field strips, and streambank protection are applicable practices. Choose forage varieties that are adapted to poorly drained soils and that are compatible with flooding conditions.


text:
These areas are suited to growing hay, pasture, and row crops. Drainage ditches, land grading, land smoothing, and subsurface drainage may be applicable. These soils have a severe erosion hazard wherever the land is sloping. Applicable erosion control practices on the more sloping soils include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, minimum tillage, stripcropping, grassed waterways, and a row crop-sod sequence. Chiseling to break up plow pans on some soils may be a consideration on some farms. Plant varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils should be used.


text:
This nearly level poorly drained soil is in drainageways and on broad low-lying plains. Areas are irregular in shape and range from 4 to 150 acres in size. The soil surface has one foot high hummocks scattered throughout the map unit. The depth to seasonal high water table is 0.5 to 1.5 feet and depth to bedrock is 60 inches. Permeability is rapid to moderately slow. The available water capacity and potential frost action is high.


text:
Where previously drained, these soils are suited to hay, pasture, and some row crops. Where there is any slope to the land, the hazard of erosion is severe. Applicable practices include cover crops, row crop-sod cropping sequence, contour tillage, and stripcropping. Choose forage varieties adapted to poorly drained soils. It is generally unfeasible to graze animals since they compact and punch these soils so as to impede drainage. These soils are slow to warm in the spring.


text:
This nearly level, poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained soil is in depressions and along drainageways on glacial outwash plains and stream terraces. The areas are generally irregular in shape, or long and narrow. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Permeability is moderately rapid to very rapid in the substratum. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is between the surface and a depth of 1.5 feet from November through May. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This gently level, moderately well drained soil is on crests of broad rounded hills, or on lower foot slopes, of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally oblong. Permeability is moderate in the surface and subsoil, and slow to moderately slow in the firm compacted substratum, or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November to May. The hardpan is at a depth of 15 to 35 inches and limits rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This moderately well drained soil is on crests of broad rounded hills, or on lower foot slopes, of the glaciated uplands. The areas are generally irregularly shaped, or oblong. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the surface and suboil, and slow to moderately slow in the firm compacted substratum, or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from November to May. The hardpan is at a depth of 15 to 35 inches and limits rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is high.


text:
These soils are on hills and mountains. They are well drained soils formed in sandy glacial till. Depth to bedrock is more than five feet. Stones cover 0.01 to 3 percent of the soil surface.


text:
These areas are suited to hay, pasture, and row crops. Subsurface drains are needed in some places to remove excess water from depressional areas. Subsurface drainage is a common practice in orchard management. These soils need protection from erosion when cultivated. Applicable practices include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, stripcropping, minimum tillage, grassed waterways, and a row crop-sod cropping sequence. Subsurface stones and slow warming in the spring are management considerations.


text:
These areas are well suited to use for hay and pasture. Special combinations of conservation practices are needed when used for corn and other row crops. Applicable practices include contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, minimum tillage, stripcropping, and row crop-sod cropping sequences. Subsurface drains for apple orchards and subsurface stones are management considerations.


text:
These areas are suited to hay and pasture crops. The hazard of erosion is severe when cultivated. Permanent sod crops are the best means of preventing excessive soil loss. Reseeding should be accomplished in strips across the slope using minimum tillage techniques. These soils should not be pastured in early spring or late fall when the ground is saturated with water. Subsurface stones may interfere with tillage operations.


text:
These are areas of urban development on outwash plains and terraces. Windsor soils formed in sandy glacial outwash. They are excessively drained and make up about 45 percent of the map unit. Areas of urban land consist of roof tops, pavement, and other impervious surfaces. They make up about 35 percent of the area.


text:
This nearly level to gently sloping, moderately well drained soil is on glacial outwash plains and stream terraces. Permeability is rapid in the subsurface and very rapid in the subsoil and substratum. Available water capacity is low. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 2 feet from November to May. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
These areas are are suited to growing hay and pasture crops. Drainage is essential for most row crop production. Subsurface drains and drainage ditches are practices used to improve the drainage of these soils. Stripcropping, diversions, waterways, and cover crops are used to reduce erosion where slope gradients exceed 3 percent. Choose plant varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils.


text:
This nearly level to gently sloping, poorly to somewhat poorly drained soil is in depressions and along drainageways of the glaciated uplands. The areas are somewhat oblong, long and narrow, or irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the subsurface layer and subsoil and slow in the substratum, or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. The seasonal high water table is between the surface and a depth of 1.5 feet from November through May. The hardpan is at a depth of 15 to 30 inches and limits rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is high.


text:
This moderately steep, well drained soil is on smooth convex sideslopes of the glaciated uplands. The areas are long and narrow, oblong, or irregularly shaped. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the firm, compacted substratum or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. A perched seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 to 3.5 feet in March and April. The hardpan is at depths of 12 to 24 inches and limits the rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This moderately steep well drained soil is on smooth convex sideslopes of rounded hills of the glaciated uplands. The areas are long and narrow, oblong, or irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the firm, compacted substratum or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. A perched seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 to 3.5 feet in March and April. The hardpan is at depths of 18 to 35 inches and limits the rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This steep to very steep well drained soil is on smooth convex sideslopes of the glaciated uplands. The areas are long and narrow, or irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow to moderately slow in the firm, compacted substratum or hardpan. Available water capacity is moderate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. A perched seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 to 3.5 feet in March and April. The hardpan is at depths of 18 to 35 inches and limits the rooting depth of plants. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This map unit consists of gently sloping Adams soils and Urban land that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. These areas are on glacial outwash plains and terraces that have been partially covered by streets, parking lots, and buildings. They are rectangular or irregular in shape and range from 6 to 250 acres in size. This map unit is about 45 percent Adams, 40 percent Urban land, and 15 percent other soils.


text:
This map unit consists of gently sloping Monadnock soils and Urban land that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. These areas are on glaciated uplands that have been partially covered by streets, parking lots, and buildings. They are rectangular or irregular in shape and range from 6 to 250 acres in size. This map unit is about 45 percent Monadnock, 40 percent Urban land soils, and 15 percent other soils.


text:
These areas consist of land that is covered by streets, parking lots and buildings. They are rectangular or irregular in shape and range from 4 to 250 acres in size. Inclusions make up 15 percent or less of the map unit. These inclusions are areas of soil scattered throughout the unit.


text:
This well drained soil is on crests of hills and on plains of the glaciated uplands. The areas are somewhat oblong, or irregularly shaped. Stones averaging 20 inches in diameter are 10 to 50 feet apart and cover .5 to 3 percent of the surface area. Available water capacity is high. Depth to bedrock is generally more than 5 feet. Seasonal high water table is at depths greater than 6 feet. Frost action potential is moderate.


text:
This map unit consists of Urban land and gently sloping Canton soils that are so intermingled that it was not practical to map them separately. These areas are on broad plains and low hills that have been partially covered by streets, parking lots and buildings. They are rectangular or irregular in shape and range from 4 to 250 acres in size. This map unit is about 55 percent Urban land, 20 percent Canton soils, and 25 percent other soils.


text:
This unit consists of nearly level, very poorly drained soils in marshes, beaver ponds, and along the borders of lakes, ponds, and major streams. The soils consist of moderately decayed organic material 16 inches to more than 51 inches thick. This unit is covered by shallow water most of the time. The areas are generally irregular in shape around lakes and ponds, oblong in beaver ponds, and long and narrow along stream channels. Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent.


text:
This map unit has been on the Soil survey legend, but inadvertently was not added to the database until the Progress field review dated Oct. 1, 1996.


text:
609190E has been on the mapping legend for quite some time, but due to an oversight it was not entered into the database officially until the PFR Oct. 1996.


text:
Added this frigid Typic Udipsamment mapunit at PFR in 1996 for Merrimack-Belknap Soil Survey (MBSS).  Since the MBSS is in the transition zone between mesic and frigid temperature regimes and the requirements to make spodosol are more difficult to achieve with the 6th and 7th edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy, frigid non-spodosol soils are prevelant and now need to be recognized.


text:
Added this frigid Dystrochrepts mapunit at PFR in 1996 for Merrimack-Belknap Soil Survey (MBSS).  Since the MBSS is in the transition zone between mesic and frigid temperature regimes and the requirements to make spodosol are more difficult to achieve with the 6th and 7th edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy, frigid non-spodosol soils are prevalant and now need to be recognized.


text:
Added this frigid Udorthents mapunit at PFR in 1996 for Merrimack-Belknap Soil Survey (MBSS).  Since the MBSS is in the transition zone between mesic and frigid temperature regimes and the requirements to make spodosol are more difficult to achieve with the 6th and 7th edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy, frigid non-spodosol soils are prevalant and now need to be recognized.


text:
These areas are suited to hay and pasture crops. Artificial drainage and intensive erosion control management is essential when used for row crops or apple orchards. Subsurface drains are the principal means of draining these soils. These soils are best retained in sod crops using contour tillage when reseeding. Where row crops are grown, one or more of the following practices are needed: contour tillage, cover crops, crop residue use, diversions, minimum tillage, stripcropping, and row crop-sod cropping sequence. Choose plant varieties adapted to moderately well drained soils. Late drying and late warming in the spring and subsurface stones are additional management considerations.


text:
Edited the DMU Certification Status attribute from 0 to 3 (certified) in preparation for ssurgo download and certification.


# SYSTEM - Geomorphic Feature

geomfdesc:
A semi-conical type of alluvial fan with very steep slopes; it is higher, narrower, and steeper (e.g., > 40% slopes) than a fan, and composed of coarser, and thicker layers of material deposited by a combination of alluvial episodes and to a much lesser degree, landslides (e.g., debris flow).  Compare - alluvial fan, talus cone.  SW


geomfdesc:
A low, outspread mass of loose materials and/or rock material, commonly with gentle slopes, shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone, deposited by a stream (best expressed in semiarid regions) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain or upland valley; or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream.  It is steepest near its apex which points upstream and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a gradual decrease in gradient.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) (colloquial: western U.S.A.)  A nearly level, graded, alluvial surface in bolsons and semi-bolsons which commonly does not manifest traceable channels, terraces or floodplain levels.  Compare - flood-plain step, terrace, valley flat.  FFP, GG, & SW.  (b) (not preferred) A general term for a small flood plain bordering a river, on which alluvium is deposited during floods.  GG


geomfdesc:
A narrow, jagged mountain crest, often above the snowline, sculptured by alpine glaciers and formed by backward erosion of adjoining cirque walls.  HP


geomfdesc:
(not recommended as a landform term - use avalanche chute).  The path formed by an avalanche.  It may take the form of an open path in a forest, with bent and broken trees, or an eroded surface marked by pits, scratches, and grooves.  Compare - avalanche chute  GG


geomfdesc:
The channel of a flat-floored, ephemeral stream, commonly with very steep to vertical banks cut in unconsolidated material, sometimes called a wash.  It is usually dry but can be transformed into a temporary watercourse or short-lived torrent after heavy rain within the watershed.  Where arroyos intersect zones of ground-water discharge, they are more properly classed as intermittent stream channels.  HP


geomfdesc:
(refer to berm.)  A low, impermanent, nearly horizontal or landward-sloping shelf, ledge, or narrow terrace on the backshore of a beach, formed of material thrown up and deposited by storm waves; it is generally bounded on one side or the other by a beach ridge or beach scarp.  Some beaches have no berms, others have one or several.  GG


geomfdesc:
A narrow, elongate, coarse-textured ridge rising slightly above high-tide level and generally parallel with the shore, but separated from it by a lagoon or marsh; it is rarely more than several kilometers long.  Compare - barrier island.   Synonym, offshore barrier, offshore beach, bar beach.  Compare - bar [coast], barrier island.  GG and FFP


geomfdesc:
A general term for the nearly level, lower-most part of intermontane basins (i.e. bolsons, semi-bolsons).  The floor includes all of the alluvial, eolian, and erosional landforms below the piedmont slope.  Compare - basin, piedmont slope.  FFP


geomfdesc:
(colloquial:  western U.S.A.)  A relatively flat, erosional remnant of any former landform of a basin floor that has been dissected following the incision of an axial stream.  FFP


geomfdesc:
a) A gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, of unconsolidated material extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a cliff) or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of a body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel; (b) the relatively thick and temporary accumulation of loose water-borne material (usually well-sorted sand and pebbles) accompanied by mud, cobbles, boulders, and smoothed rock and shell fragments, that is in active transit along, or deposited on, the shore zone between the limits of low water and high water.  GG


geomfdesc:
A relatively flat area, often occupied by pools of water, separating the exposed or seaward edge of a barrier beach or barrier island from the lagoon behind it.  GG


geomfdesc:
A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach-and-dune material heaped up by the action of waves and currents on the backshore of a beach, beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits.  The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive positions of an advancing shoreline.  GG


geomfdesc:
A platform-like, nearly level to gently inclined erosional surface developed on resistant strata in areas where valleys are cut in alternating strong and weak layers with an essentially horizontal attitude.  Structural benches are bedrock controlled, and in contrast to stream terraces, have no geomorphic implication of former, partial erosion cycles and base-level controls, nor do they represent a stage of flood-plain development following an episode of valley trenching.  Compare - ledge; see scarp.  HP


geomfdesc:
An abrupt change or inflection in a slope or profile.  Compare - knickpoint, shoulder, escarpment.  (geomorphology)  A marked variation of topography, or a tract of land distinct from adjacent land, or an irregular or rough piece of ground.  Compare - breaks.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: western U.S.A.)  A fan remnant having a distinctively-rounded surface of fan alluvium.  The ballena's broadly-rounded shoulders meet from either side to form a narrow summit and merge smoothly with concave sideslopes and then concave, short pediments which form smoothly-rounded drainageways between adjacent ballenas.  A partial ballena is a fan remnant large enough to retain some relict fan surface on a remnant summit.  Compare - fan remnant.  SW & FFP.


geomfdesc:
[beach] A low, impermanent, nearly horizontal or landward-sloping shelf, ledge, or narrow terrace on the backshore of a beach, formed of material thrown up and deposited by storm waves; it is generally bounded on one side or the other by a beach ridge or beach scarp.  Some beaches have no berms, others have one or several.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A high bank or bold headland, with a broad, precipitous, sometimes rounded cliff face overlooking a plain or body of water, especially on the outside of a stream meander; ex. a river bluff.  (b) (not preferred) use cliff.  Any cliff with a steep, broad face.  GG


geomfdesc:
Waterlogged, spongy ground, consisting primarily of mosses, containing acidic, decaying vegetation such as sphagnum, sedges, and heaths, that may develop into peat.  Compare - fen, marsh, swamp.  GG


geomfdesc:
A continuous and level or undulating area formed by closely spaced successive embankments of wave-deposited beach material added more or less uniformly to a prograding shoreline, such as to a growing compound spit or to a cuspate foreland.  Compare - wave-built terrace, cheneir plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A crescent-shaped dune with tips extending leeward (downwind), making this side concave and the windward (upwind) side convex.  Barchan dunes tend to be arranged in chains extending in the dominant wind direction.  Compare - parabolic dune.  HP


geomfdesc:
A general term for a ridge-like accumulation of sand, gravel, or other alluvial material formed in the channel, along the banks, or at the mouth of a stream where a decrease in velocity induces deposition; e.g. a channel bar or a meander bar.  [coast] - A generic term for any of various elongate offshore ridges, banks, or mounds of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material submerged at least at high tide, and built up by the action of waves or currents, especially at the mouth of a river or estuary, or at a slight distance offshore from the beach.  Compare - longshore bar.  GG & GSST


geomfdesc:
A flood-plain landform.  Extensive, marshy, or swampy, depressed areas of flood plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces.  Compare - valley flat.  HP


geomfdesc:
(a) A landform that consists of a wave-cut scarp and wave-built terrace of well-sorted sand and gravel of marine and lacustrine origin. (b) (colloquial: western U.S.A.) relict shorelines from pluvial lakes, generally restricted to valley sides.  Compare - strandline, shoreline.  FFP


geomfdesc:
An isolated, generally flat-topped hill or mountain with relatively steep slopes and talus or precipitous cliffs and characterized by summit width that is less than the height of bounding escarpments, commonly topped by a caprock of resistant material and representing an erosion remnant carved from flat-lying rocks.  Compare - mesa, plateau, cuesta.  HP & GG


geomfdesc:
Any of various shallow, often oval or elliptical, generally marshy, closed depressions in the Atlantic coastal plain (from southern New Jersey to northeastern Florida, especially developed in the Carolinas) which share an approximately parallel orientation of their long axes.  They range from about 100 meters to many kilometers in length, are rich in humus, and under native conditions contain trees and shrubs different from those of the surrounding areas.  Also called Grady ponds (colloquial: Georgia and Alabama) and Delmarva Bays (colloquial: Maryland).    Compare - pocosin.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: northwest USA, and ND) A dry or intermittent stream valley or wash, especially a long, steep-walled gorge representing a Pleistocene overflow channel that carried meltwater from an ice sheet, e.g. the Grand Coulee in Washington State.  HP


geomfdesc:
A short, straight ridge of stratified sand and gravel believed to have been deposited in a crevasse of a wasting glacier and left standing after the ice melted; a variety of kame.  May also occur as long, sinuous ridges and linear complexes of till or drift.  GG


geomfdesc:
A conical hill formed by the accumulation of cinders and other pyroclastics, normally basaltic or andisitic composition.  Slopes generally exceed 20 percent.  GG


geomfdesc:
A high, narrow, sharp-edged pass or saddle through a divide or between two adjacent peaks in a mountain range; especially a deep pass formed by the headward erosion and intersection of two cirques.  Compare - gap, pass, saddle.  GG


geomfdesc:
(not recommended: obsolete) use shrub-coppice dune.


geomfdesc:
a) A walled and rounded or cirque-like opening at the head of a small steep valley.  b) (colloquial - southern Appalachians, USA) A smooth-floored, somewhat oval-shaped "valley" sheltered by hills or mountains; e.g., Cades Cove in eastern Tennessee.  GG


geomfdesc:
A steep-walled, half bowl-like recess or hollow, crescent-shaped or semicircular in plan, commonly situated at the head of a  glaciated mountain valley or high on the side of a mountain, and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier.  It often contains a small round lake (tarn).  Compare - cirque floor, cirque platform, cirque wall.  SW & GG.


geomfdesc:
A basin-like, rimmed structure, usually at the summit of a volcanic cone.  It may be formed by collapse, by an explosive eruption or by the gradual accumulation of pyroclastic material into a surrounding rim.  Compare - caldera.   GG


geomfdesc:
An asymmetric, homoclinal ridge capped by resistant rock layers of slight to moderate dip (commonly less than 15 percent); produced by differential erosion of interbedded resistant and weak rocks.  A cuesta has a long, gentle slope on one side (dip slope), that roughly parallels the inclined beds, and on the other side has a relatively short and steep or cliff-like slope (scarp) that cuts through the tilted rocks.    Compare - hogback, mesa, dipslope, scarp slope, cuesta valley.  SW & HP


geomfdesc:
A body of alluvium, nearly flat and fan-shaped, deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body of relatively quiet water, usually a sea or lake.  HP


geomfdesc:
A smoothly rounded landform of rock mass such as a rock-capped mountain summit, that roughly resembles the dome of a building.  (e.g. the rounded granite peaks of Yosemite, CA).  GG


geomfdesc:
Any relatively sunken part of the Earth's surface; especially a low-lying area surrounded by higher ground.  A closed depression has no natural outlet for surface drainage (e.g. a sinkhole).  An open depression has a natural outlet for surface drainage.  Compare - closed depression, open depression.   GG


geomfdesc:
A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact till that has a core of bedrock or drift.  It usually has a blunt nose facing the direction from which the ice approached and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction.  The longest axis is parallel to the general direction of glacier flow.  Drumlins are products of streamline (laminar) flow of glaciers, which molded the subglacial floor through a combination of erosion and deposition.  Compare - drumlinoid ridge.  SW,  HP, & GG


geomfdesc:
A low mound, ridge, bank or hill of loose, windblown, subaerially deposited, granular material (generally sand), either bare and capable of movement from place to place, or covered and stabilized with vegetation,  but always retaining its characteristic shape.  (See barchan dune, parabolic dune, parna dune, shrub-coppice dune, seif dune, transverse dune).  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
A small, natural watercourse cut in unconsolidated materials, generally more open with a broader floor and more gently sloping sides than an arroyo, ravine or gulch, and whose present stream channel may appear inadequate to have cut the drainageway that it occupies.  SW


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow, sinuous and steep-sided ridge composed of irregularly stratified sand and gravel  deposited as the bed of  a  stream flowing in an ice tunnel within or below the ice (subglacial) or between ice walls on top of the ice of a wasting glacier, and  left behind as high ground when the ice melted.  Eskers range in length from less than a kilometer to more than 160 kilometers, and in height from 3 to 30 meters.   Compare - glaciofluvial deposits, kame, crevasse filling, outwash.  SW


geomfdesc:
A ridge-like accumulation that is being or was produced at the outer margin of an actively flowing glacier at any given time; a moraine that has been deposited at the outer or lower end of a valley glacier.  Compare - terminal moraine, recessional moraine, ground moraine.  GG


geomfdesc:
A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff produced by erosion or faulting and that topographically interrupts or breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces .  The term is most commonly applied to cliffs produced by differential erosion.  Synonym: "scarp." SW & HP


geomfdesc:
A sheet-like mantle of relatively young alluvium and soils covering part of an older fan piedmont (and occasionally alluvial fan) surface, commonly thicker and further down slope (e.g., mid-fan or mid-fan piedmont) than a fan collar.  It somewhere buries an older soil that can be traced to the edge of the fan apron where the older soil emerges as the land surface, or relict soil.  No buried soils should occur within a fan-apron mantle itself.  Compare - fan collar.  FFP


geomfdesc:
A coastal dune or dune ridge oriented parallel to the shoreline, occurring at the landward margin of the beach, along the shoreward face of a beach ridge, or at the landward limit of the highest tide, and more or less stabilized by vegetation.  GG


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow, winding, U-shaped and steep-walled, generally deep inlet or arm of the sea between high rocky cliffs of slopes along a mountainous coast.  Typically it has a shallow sill or threshold of solid rock or earth material submerged near its mouth and becomes deeper far inland.  A fjord usually represents the seaward end of a deep, glacially excavated valley that is partially submerged by drowning after melting of the ice.  GG


geomfdesc:
Waterlogged, spongy ground containing alkaline decaying vegetation, characterized by reeds, that develops into peat.  It sometimes occurs in sinkholes of karst regions.  Compare - bog, marsh, swamp.  GG


geomfdesc:
The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to inundation under flood-stage conditions unless protected artificially.  It is usually a constructional landform built of sediment deposited during overflow and lateral migration of the streams.  HP


geomfdesc:
The inverted V-shaped end of a ridge that has been truncated or steeply beveled by steam erosion (e.g. meander scar or bluff), glacial truncation, or fault scarp displacement.   Compare - spur.  HP


geomfdesc:
A landform consisting of very low gradient, broad, barren, axial-stream channel segments in an intermontane basin.  It floods broadly and shallowly and is veneered with barren fine-textured sediment that crusts.  Commonly, a flood-plain playa is segmented by transverse, narrow bands of vegetation, and it may alternate with ordinary narrow or braided channel segments.  FFP


geomfdesc:
(a) Commonly an extensive, low relief area of till, having an uneven or undulating surface, and commonly bounded on the distal end by a recessional or end moraine; (b) A layer of poorly sorted rock and mineral debris (till) dragged along, in, on, or beneath a glacier and deposited by processes including basal lodgement and release from downwasting stagnant ice by ablation.  Compare - end moraine, recessional ,moraine, terminal moraine.  SW


geomfdesc:
(a) A narrow, deep valley with nearly vertical, rocky walls, smaller than a canyon, and more steep-sided than a ravine; especially a restricted, steep-walled part of a canyon.  (b) A narrow defile or passage between hills or mountains.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small channel with steep sides caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water usually during and immediately following heavy rains or after ice / snow melt.  A gully generally is an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and too deep (e.g., >  0.5 m) to be obliterated by ordinary tillage; (a rill is of lesser depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary tillage).  Compare - rill, ravine, arroyo, swale, draw.  HP & GSST


geomfdesc:
(a) An irregularity of land, especially of considerable height with a steep cliff face, jutting out from the coast into a large body of water (usually the sea or a lake); a bold promontory or a high cape.  (b) The high ground flanking a body of water, such as a cove.  (c) The steep crag or cliff face of a promontory.  GG


geomfdesc:
A sharp-crested, symmetric (homoclinal) ridge formed by highly tilted resistant rock layers; produced by differential erosion of interlayered resistant and weak rocks with dips greater than about 25o (45 percent).  Compare - cuesta.  HP


geomfdesc:
A high, rocky, sharp pointed, steep-sided, mountain peak with prominent faces and ridges, bounded by the intersecting walls of three or more cirques that have been cut back into the mountain by headward erosion of glaciers.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) (not preferred - see hillock) An imprecise, general term for a rounded or conical mound or other small elevation.  (b) (not preferred) A slight rise of ground above a level surface.  GG.


geomfdesc:
A tributary valley whose floor at the lower end is notably higher than the floor of the main valley in the area of junction.  GG


geomfdesc:
A stream, or reach of a stream, that does not flow year-round  (commonly dry for 3 or more months out of 12) and whose channel is generally below the local water table; it flows only when a) it receives baseflow solely during wet periods, or b) it receives ground-water discharge or protracted contributions from melting snow or other erratic surface and shallow subsurface sources.  Compare - ephemeral stream.  HP


geomfdesc:
A low mound, knob, hummock, or short irregular ridge, composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream as a fan or delta at the margin of a melting glacier; by a supraglacial stream in a low place or hole on the surface of the glacier; or as a ponded deposit on the surface or at the margin of stagnant ice.  Compare - crevasse filling, kame moraine, kame terrace, esker, outwash.  GG


geomfdesc:
A steep-sided, bowl-shaped depression commonly without surface drainage (closed depression) in drift deposits, often containing a lake or swamp, and formed by the melting of a large, detached block of stagnant ice that had been wholly or partly buried in the drift.  Kettles range in depth from 1 to tens of meters, and with diameters up to 13 km.  Compare - pothole.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent landforms.  HP


geomfdesc:
(a) A rounded eminence, a small hill or mountain; especially a prominent or isolated hill with steep sides, commonly found in the Southern United States.  (b) A peak or other projection from the top of a hill or mountain.  Also, a boulder or group of boulders or an area of resistant rocks protruding from the side of a hill or mountain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A terrace-like ridge consisting of stratified sand and gravel (a) deposited by a meltwater stream flowing between a melting glacier and a higher valley wall or lateral moraine, and (b) left standing after the disappearance of the ice.  It is commonly pitted with "kettles" and has an irregular ice-contact slope.  HP


geomfdesc:
(a) A narrow shelf or projection of rock, much longer than wide, formed on a rock wall or cliff face, as along a coast by differential wave action on softer rocks; erosion is by combined biological and chemical weathering.  (b) A rocky outcrop; solid rock.  (c) A shelf-like quarry exposure or natural rock outcrop.  Compare - structural bench.  GG


geomfdesc:
A ridge-like moraine carried on and deposited at the side margin of a valley glacier.  It is composed chiefly of rock fragments derived from valley walls by glacial abrasion and plucking, or colluvial accumulation from adjacent slopes.  GG


geomfdesc:
A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built, produced along a lake shore in front of a scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the water level falls.  GG


geomfdesc:
An artificial or natural embankment built along the margin of a watercourse or an arm of the sea, to protect land from inundation or to confine streamflow to its channel.  Compare - artificial levee, natural levee.  GG


geomfdesc:
The flat, usually bare ground situated seaward of a salt marsh and regularly covered and uncovered by the tide; e.g., a mud flat.  GG


geomfdesc:
Periodically wet or continually flooded areas with the surface not deeply submerged.  Covered dominantly with sedges, cattails, rushes, or other hydrophytic plants.  Compare - salt marsh, swamp, bog, fen.  GSST


geomfdesc:
A broad, nearly flat-topped, and usually isolated landmass bounded by steep slopes or precipitous cliff and capped by layers of resistant, nearly horizontal, rocky summit width greater than the height of bounding escarpments.  (Colloquial: western USA; not preferred)  Also used to designate broad structural benches and alluvial terraces that occupy intermediate levels in stepped sequences of platforms bordering canyons and valleys.  Compare - butte, plateau, cuesta.  HP & GG


geomfdesc:
A relatively level area of fine grained material (e.g. silt) along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide or covered by shallow water, and barren of vegetation.  Compare - low marsh, tidal flat, tidal marsh.  GG


geomfdesc:
A term used for one of numerous low circular or oval domes composed of loose, unstratified, gravelly, silty, or sandy material.  The basal diameter varies from 3 meters to more than 30 meters, and the height from 30 centimeters to about 2 meters.  Compare - pimple mound, patterned ground, shrub-coppice dune.  GG


geomfdesc:
(not recommended) use disintegration moraine.


geomfdesc:
(a)  A crescent-shaped, concave or linear mark on the face of a bluff or valley wall, produced by the lateral erosion of a meandering stream which impinged upon and undercut the bluff; if it's no longer adjacent to the modern stream channel it indicates an abandoned route of the stream.  SW;  (b) (not recommended - refer to oxbow)  An abandoned meander, commonly filled in by deposition and vegetation, but still discernible.  GG


geomfdesc:
A constructional coastal strip, sloping gently seaward, veneered by marine deposits (typically silt, sand, fine gravel).  Compare - terrace, wave-built terrace.  GG


geomfdesc:
An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or peak of bedrock that projects prominently above the surface of a glacier and is completely surrounded by glacier ice.  Compare - inselberg, monadnock.  GG


geomfdesc:
An extensive lowland area of coarse textured, glaciofluvial material.  An outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted, due to melt-out of incorporated ice masses (pitted outwash plain), it is generally low in relief and largely retains it-s original gradient.  Compare - outwash, pitted outwash plain, kettles.  HP


geomfdesc:
A flat-topped bank of outwash with an abrupt outer face (scarp or riser) extending along a valley downstream from an outwash plain or terminal moraine; a valley train deposit.    Compare - kame terrace, valley train.  GG


geomfdesc:
A closely looping stream meander having an extreme curvature such that only a neck of land is left between the two parts of the stream.  (colloquial: northeastern U.S.A.) the land enclosed, or partly enclosed, within an oxbow.  Compare - meander belt, oxbow lake, bayou.  GG


geomfdesc:
A dune largely composed of silt and sand-sized aggregates of clay; sometimes called a clay dune or lunette.    Compare - parna.  HP


geomfdesc:
A gently sloping erosional surface developed at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope.  The surface may be essentially bare, exposing earth material that extends beneath adjacent uplands; or it may be thinly mantled with alluvium and colluvium, ultimately in transit from upland front to basin or valley lowland.  In hill-foot slope terrain the mantle is designated "pedisediment."  The term has been used in several geomorphic contexts:  Pediments may be classed with respect to (a) landscape positions, for example, intermontane-basin piedmont or valley-border foot slope surfaces (respectively, apron and terrace pediments (Cooke and Warren, 1973)); (b) type of material eroded, bedrock or regolith; or (c) combinations of the above.  Compare - Piedmont slope.  HP


geomfdesc:
A general term for any ground surface exhibiting a discernibly ordered, more-or-less symmetrical, morphological pattern of ground and, where present, vegetation.  Patterned ground is characteristic of, but not confined to, permafrost regions or areas subjected to intense frost action; it also occurs in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas.  Patterned ground is classified by type of pattern and presence or absence of sorting and includes nonsorted and sorted circles, net, polygons, steps and stripes, garlands, and solifluction features.  In permafrost regions, the most common macroform is the ice-wedge polygon and a common microform is the nonsorted circle.  Stone polygons generally form on slopes of less than 8 percent, while garlands and stripes occur on slopes of 8 to 15 percent and more than 15 percent, respectively.  NRC and HP


geomfdesc:
A type of  small pit or closed depression (1 to 15 meters deep), generally circular or elliptical, occurring in an outwash plain, a recessional moraine, or a till plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A large frost mound; especially a relatively large conical mound of soil-covered ice (commonly 30 to 50 meters high and up to 400 meters in diameter) raised in part by hydrostatic pressure within and below the permafrost of Arctic regions, and of more than 1 year's duration.  GG


geomfdesc:
Sharp or rugged upward extension of a ridge chain, usually at the junction of two or more ridges; the prominent highest point of a summit area.  HP


geomfdesc:
The usually dry and nearly level lake plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed depressions, such as those occurring on intermontane basin floors.  Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation-runoff events.  Playa deposits are fine grained and may or may not have high water table and saline conditions.  HP


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: southeastern U.S.A.)  A large wet area on broad, commonly a swamp, which occurs on nearly level interfluves in the Atlantic coastal plain with distinctive, native vegetation relative to adjacent areas.  Soils may be either mineral or organic.  A Native American term for "swamp on a hill."   Compare - raised bog.  RD


geomfdesc:
An area of acid, peaty soil, especially that developed from moss, in which the center is higher than the margins.  Compare - pocosin, Carolina Bay, moss peat.  [Note: raised peat bog (not preffered) - refer to highmoor bog].   GG


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow elevation of the land surface, usually sharp crested with steep sides and forming an extended upland between valleys.  The term is used in areas of both hill and mountain relief.  HP


geomfdesc:
An end or lateral moraine, built during a temporary but significant halt in the final retreat of a glacier.  Also, a moraine built during a minor readvance of the ice front during a period of general recession.  Compare - end moraine, ground moraine, terminal moraine.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small stream channel; narrow, steep-sided, commonly V-shaped in cross section and larger than a gully, cut in unconsolidated materials.  General synonym (not preferred) - gulch.  Compare - arroyo, draw, gully.  HP


geomfdesc:
A low point on a ridge or interfluve, generally a divide (pass, col) between the heads of streams flowing in opposite directions.  Compare - summit, crest.  HP


geomfdesc:
A platform-like, nearly level to gently inclined erosional surface developed on resistant strata in areas where valleys are cut in alternating strong and weak layers with an essentially horizontal attitude.  Structural benches are bedrock controlled, and in contrast to stream terraces, have no geomorphic implication of former, partial erosion cycles and base-level controls, nor do they represent a stage of flood-plain development following an episode of valley trenching.  Compare - pediment, ledge; see scarp.  HP


geomfdesc:
(a) A shallow, open depression in unconsolidated materials which lacks a defined channel but can funnel overland or subsurface flow into a drainageway.  Soils in swales tend to be more moist and thicker (cummulic) compared to surrounding soils.  SW  (b) A small, shallow, typically closed depression in an undulating ground moraine formed by uneven glacial deposition; Compare - swell-and-swale topography.  (c) (not preferred; refer to interdune)  A long, narrow, generally shallow, trough-like depression between two beach ridges, and aligned roughly parallel to the coastline.  GG


geomfdesc:
A large, sharp-crested, elongated, longitudinal (linear) dune or chain of sand dunes, oriented parallel, rather than transverse (perpendicular), to the prevailing wind.  If unmodified, the crest, in profile, commonly consists of a succession of curved slip faces produced by strong, but infrequent cross winds.  A seif dune may be as much as 200 m high and from 400 m to more than 100 km long.  Compare - longitudinal dune. GG and HP


geomfdesc:
(a) A small marsh, especially a marshy area lying in a local, shallow, closed depression on a piece of dry land, as on  the prairie of the midwestern U.S.A.  (b) A term used, especially in the Mississippi Valley, for a creek or sluggish body of water in a tidal flat, flood plain, or coastal marshland.  Compare - bayou, oxbow.  (c) A sluggish channel of water, such as a side channel of a river, in which water flows slowly through low, swampy ground, as along the Columbia River, or a section of an abandoned river channel which may contain stagnant water and occurs in a flood plain or delta.  (d) (not preferred) An area of soft, miry, muddy or waterlogged ground, a place of deep mud.  GG


geomfdesc:
Flat, poorly drained area that is subject to periodic or occasional overflow by salt water, containing water that is brackish to strongly saline, and usually covered with a thick mat of grassy halophytic plants; e.g., a coastal marsh periodically flooded by the sea, or an inland marsh, (or salina) in an arid region and subject to intermittent overflow by salty water.  Compare - tidal marsh, mud flat.  GG


geomfdesc:
An isolated tongue-shaped feature up to 25 m wide and 150 m or more long, formed by rapid solifluction on certain sections of a slope showing variations in gradient.  This feature commonly has a steep (e.g. 15-60 degrees) front and a relatively smooth upper surface.  NRC


geomfdesc:
(a) A small point or low tongue or narrow embankment of land, commonly consisting of sand or gravel deposited by longshore transport and having one end attached to the mainland and the other terminating in open water, usually the sea; a finger-like extension of the beach. (b) A relatively long, narrow shoal or reef extending from the shore into a body of water.  GG


geomfdesc:
An island-like area of older rock surrounded by a lava flow.  Compare - kipuka.  HP


geomfdesc:
An area of low, saturated ground, intermittently or permanently covered with water, and predominantly vegetated by shrubs and trees, with or without the accumulation of peat.  Compare - marsh, bog, fen.  GG


geomfdesc:
A very asymmetric sand dune elongated perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, having a gentle windward slope and a steep leeward slope standing at or near the angle of repose of sand; it generally forms in areas of sparse vegetation. Compare - longitudinal dune. GG


geomfdesc:
A step-like surface, bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that represents the former position of a flood plain, or lake or sea shore.  The term is usually applied to both the relatively flat summit surface (tread), cut or built by stream or wave action, and the steeper descending slope (scarp, riser), graded to a lower base level of erosion.  Compare - stream terrace, flood-plain step.  HP.  [ soil survey] Practically, terraces are considered to be generally flat alluvial areas above the 100 yr. flood stage.  SW


geomfdesc:
An extensive, nearly horizontal, barren or sparsely vegetated tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consists of unconsolidated sediments (mostly clays, silts and/or sand).  It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. Compare - tidal marsh. GG


geomfdesc:
An extensive, nearly level marsh bordering a coast (as in a shallow lagoon, sheltered bay or estuary) and regularly inundated by high tides; formed mostly of unconsolidated sediments (e.g. clays, silts, and/or sands, and organic materials), and the resistant root mat of salt tolerant plants; a marshy tidal flat.  Compare - tidal flat.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a)  Any long, narrow depression in the earth's surface, such as one between hills or with no surface outlet for drainage.  (b)  (not preferred - see U-shaped valley,  mountain valley)  A broad, elongate U-shaped valley, such as a glacial trough.  Compare - U-shaped valley.  GG


geomfdesc:
A conical hill of lava and/or pyroclastics that is built up around a volcanic vent.  GG


geomfdesc:
The sloping to very steep surfaces between the valley floor and summits of adjacent uplands.  Well-defined, steep valley sides have been termed valley walls (not recommended).  Note:  Scale, relief, and perspective may require use of closely related terms such as hill slope or mountain slope.  HP


geomfdesc:
A long narrow body of outwash confined within a valley beyond a glacier; it may, or may not, emerge from the valley and join an outwash plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A gently sloping surface produced by wave erosion, extending into the sea or lake from the base of the wave-cut cliff.  It represents both the wave-cut bench and the abrasion platform.  GG


geomfdesc:
A gently sloping coastal feature at the seaward or lakeward edge of a wave-cut platform, constructed by sediment brought by rivers or drifted along the shore or across the platform and deposited in the deeper water beyond.  Compare - beach plain, strand plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of thermokarst depression with steep sides and a flat, grass-covered floor, found in thermokarst terrain, produced by thawing of extensive areas of very thick and exceedingly ice-rich permafrost.  Compare - thermokarst depression.  NRC and GG


geomfdesc:
A unit of folded strata that is convex upward and whose core contains the stratigraphically oldest rocks, and occurs at the earth's surface.  In a single anticline, beds forming the opposing limbs of the fold dip away from its axial plane.  Compare - monocline, syncline, fold.  SW & HP


geomfdesc:
(not preferred - see pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic surge)  A highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flank of a volcano or along the surface of the ground; produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic crater, or by the explosive emission of gas-charged ash from a fissure or group of fissures.  The solid materials contained in a typical ash flow are generally unsorted and ordinarily include volcanic dust, pumice, scoria, and blocks in addition to ash.  (Also called a pyroclastic flow.)  Compare - nue ardente, lahar, pyroclastic.  GG


geomfdesc:
A coral reef appearing in plan view as roughly circular, and surmounted by a chain of closely spaced, low coral islets that encircle or nearly encircle a shallow lagoon in which there is no land or islands of non-coral origin; the reef is surrounded by open sea.  GG


geomfdesc:
The central, channel-like corridor, scar, or depression along which an avalanche has moved.  An eroded surface marked by pits, scratches, and grooves.  GG


geomfdesc:
The upper or inner, usually dry, zone of the shore or beach, lying between the high-water line of mean spring tides and the upper limit of shore-zone processes; it is acted upon by waves or covered by water only during exceptionally severe storms or unusually high tides.  It is essentially horizontal or slopes gently landward, and is divided from the foreshore by the crest of the most seaward berm.  Compare - washover fan.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: southwestern U.S.A.) A broad, gently inclined alluvial piedmont slope extending from the base of a mountain range out into a basin, and formed by the lateral coalescence of a series of alluvial fans.  Typically it has a broadly undulating transverse profile, parallel to the mountain front, resulting from the convexities of component fans.  The term is generally restricted to constructional slopes of intermontane basins.  Synonym - coalescent fan piedmont.  Compare - colluvial apron.  HP & SW


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: western U.S.A.) A rounded, dome-shaped hill, formed either by erosion or uplift.  GG


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow, sandy island, representing a broadened barrier beach that is above high tide and parallel to the shore, and that commonly has dunes, vegetated zones, and swampy terrains extending lagoonward from the beach.  Also a long series of barrier beaches.  Compare - barrier beach. GG


geomfdesc:
A thin accumulation of stone blocks, typically angular, with only coarse fragments in the upper part, over solid or weathered bedrock, colluvium, or alluvium, without a cliff or ledge above as an apparent source.  Block fields occur on high mountain slopes above tree-line, or in polar or paleo-periglacial regions; they are most extensive along slopes parallel to the contour; and they generally occur on slopes of less than 5%.  Synonym - felsenmeer.  Compare - block stream, talus, scree.  GG


geomfdesc:
An accumulation of boulders or angular blocks, with no fine sizes in the upper part, overlying solid or weathered bedrock, colluvium, or alluvium, and lying below a cliff or ledge from which coarse fragments originate.  Block streams usually occur at the heads of ravines as narrow bodies that are more extensive downslope than along the slope.  They may exist on any slope angle, but ordinarily not steeper than 90 percent slope (approx. 40 degrees).  Compare - block field.  GG


geomfdesc:
A saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped hollow or depression formed by wind erosion, on a pre-existing dune or other sand deposit, especially in an area of shifting sand, loose soil, or where protective vegetation is disturbed or destroyed; the adjoining accumulation of sand derived from the depression, where recognizable, is commonly included.  Commonly small, but some blowouts may be many kilometers in diameter.  Compare - deflation basin.  GG


geomfdesc:
A channel or stream with multiple channels that interweave as a result of repeated bifurcation and convergence of flow around inter-channel bars, resembling (in plan view) the strands of a complex braid.  Braiding is generally confined to broad, shallow streams of low sinuosity, high bedload, non-cohesive bank material, and a steep gradient.  At a given bank-full discharge, braided streams have steeper slopes and shallower, broader, and less stable channel cross sections than meandering streams.  Compare - meandering channel, flood-plain landforms.  HP


geomfdesc:
A large, more or less circular depression, formed by explosion and/or collapse, which surrounds a volcanic vent or vents, and whose diameter is many times greater than that of the included vent, or vents.  Compare - crater.  GG


geomfdesc:
A long, deep, narrow, very steep-sided valley cut primarily in bedrock with high and precipitous walls in an area of high local relief (e.g., mountain or high plateau terrain), often with a perennial stream at the bottom; similar to but larger than a gorge.  Compare - gorge, box canyon, slot canyon.  SW, HP & GG


geomfdesc:
(a) [stream] The hollow bed where a natural body of surface water flows or may flow.  The deepest or central part of the bed of a stream, containing the main current and occupied more or less continuously by water.  (b) (colloquial: western U.S.A.) The bed of a single or braided watercourse that commonly is barren of vegetation and is formed of modern alluvium.  Channels may be enclosed by banks or splayed across and slightly mounded above a fan surface and include bars and mounds of cobbles and stones.  (c) [microfeature] Small, trough-like, arcuate or sinuous channels separated by small bars or ridges, caused by fluvial processes and common to floodplains and young alluvial terraces; a constituent part of bar & channel topography. GG, FFP, & SW


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow, vegetated marine beach ridge or sandy hummock, 1 to 6 m high, forming roughly parallel to a prograding shoreline, seaward of marsh and mud-flat deposits, enclosed on the seaward side by fine-grained sediments, and resting on foreshore or mud-flat deposits.  It is well drained, often supporting trees on higher areas.  Widths range from 45 - 450 m and lengths may exceed several tens of kilometers.  GG


geomfdesc:
A mud-rich strand plain, occupied by cheniers and intervening mud-flats with marsh and swamp vegetation.  Compare - chenier, strand plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
Any high, very steep to perpendicular or overhanging face of rock or earth; a precipice.  Compare - bluff. GG


geomfdesc:
A low, generally broad plain that has as its margin an oceanic shore and its strata horizontal or gently sloping toward the water, and generally represents a strip of recently prograded or emerged sea floor; e.g. the coastal plain of the southeastern U.S. which extends for 3000 km from New Jersey to Texas.  GG


geomfdesc:
A lakebed formed in a lake on glacial ice and subsequently "let down" or collapsed by the melting of underlying ice, resulting in contortion or folding or the lacustrine sediment and sedimentary structures.  These modified or distorted lacustrine sediments cap present-day topographic highs and generally lie at elevations higher than the surrounding disintegration moraine.  Compare - collapsed lake plain, collapsed ice-walled lakebed.  SW & CF


geomfdesc:
A lakebed that formed in a lake bounded by stagnant ice, but floored by solid ground, usually till.  Collapse features are limited to the lakebed margins.  Presently, these materials and sedimentary structures generally occur as roughly circular-shaped hills of till capped by lacustrine sediments, generally at elevations higher than surrounding disintegration moraine.  Compare - collapsed ice-floored lakebed, collapsed lake plain.  SW & CF


geomfdesc:
A lake plain formed on, and bounded by, glacial ice and subsequently "let down" or collapsed by the melting of underlying ice resulting in contortion or folding of the sediments and sedimentary structures.  Lacustrine sediments cap present topography.    Compare - lake plain.  SW & CF


geomfdesc:
An outwash plain which forms on glacial ice (inside the glacial margin), and is subsequently let down or collapsed when the underlying ice melts, resulting in contortion or folding of the sediments and sedimentary structures to the extent that little of the original plain or it's gradient remain.  Outwash sediments commonly cap present-day  topography.  Compare - collapsed lake plain, pitted outwash plain.  SW &  CF


geomfdesc:
The new and relatively short channel formed when a stream cuts through a narrow strip of land and thereby shortens the length of its channel.  GG


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris flow deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a very rapid type of flow dominated by a sudden, downslope movement of a mass of rock, soil, and mud (more than 50% of the particles are >2 mm), and whether saturated or comparatively dry, behaves much as a viscous fluid.  Compare - lahar, mudflow, landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
A topographic basin excavated and maintained by wind erosion which removes unconsolidated material and commonly leaves a rim of resistant material surrounding the depression.  Unlike a blowout, a deflation basin does not include adjacent deposits derived from the basin.  Compare - blowout.  GG


geomfdesc:
The level or nearly level surface composing the land-ward part of a large delta; strictly, a flood plain characterized by repeated channel bifurcation and divergence, multiple distributary channels, and interdistributary flood basins.  GG


geomfdesc:
A dome or anticlinal fold in which the overlying rocks or sediments have been ruptured by the squeezing-out of plastic core material.  Diapirs in sedimentary strata usually contain cores of salt or shale; igneous intrusions may also show diapiric structure.  GG


geomfdesc:
A tabular igneous intrusion that cuts across the bedding or foliation of the country rock.  Compare - sill.  GG


geomfdesc:
A slope of the land surface, roughly determined by and approximately conforming with the dip of underlying bedded rocks; (i.e. the long, gently inclined surface of a cuesta).  Compare - scarp slope.  HP


geomfdesc:
A drift topography characterized by chaotic mounds and pits, generally randomly oriented, developed in supraglacial drift by collapse and flow as the underlying stagnant ice melted.  Slopes may be steep and unstable and there will be used and unused stream courses and lake depressions interspersed with the morainic ridges.  Characteristically, there are numerous abrupt, lateral and vertical changes between unconsolidated materials of differing lithology.  SJ & SW


geomfdesc:
(a) The line of separation;  (b) The summit area, or narrow tract of higher ground that constitutes the watershed boundary between two adjacent drainage basins; it divides the surface waters that flow naturally in one direction from those that flow in the opposite direction.  Compare - interfluve  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A general term for a course or channel along which water moves in draining an area.  GG;   (b) [soil survey] a term restricted to relatively small, roughly linear or arcuate depressions that move concentrated water at some time, and either lack a defined channel (e.g. head slope, swale) or have a small, defined channel (e.g. low order streams).  SW


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (earthflow deposit) or resultant landform characterized by slow to rapid types of flow dominated by downslope movement of a mass of rock, soil, and mud (more than 50% of the particles are < 2 mm), and whether saturated or comparatively dry, behaves much as a viscous fluid.  Compare - debris flow (coarse, less fluid), mudflow (more fluid), landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
A topographic feature that remains or is left standing above the general land surface after erosion has reduced the surrounding area; e.g., a monadnock, a butte, or a stack.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (fall deposit), or resultant landforms (e.g., rockfall, debris fall, soil fall) characterized by very rapid movement of a mass of rock or earth that travels mostly through the air by free fall, leaping, bounding, or rolling, with little or no interaction between one moving unit and another.  Compare - topple, slide, lateral spread, flow, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & DV;   (b) The mass of material moved by a fall.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A gently sloping, fan-shaped mass of detritus forming a section of a low-angle cone commonly at a place where there is a notable decrease in gradient; specifically an alluvial fan (not preferred - use alluvial fan). Compare - alluvial fan, alluvial cone.  (b) A fan-shaped mass of congealed lava that formed on a steep slope by the continually changing direction of flow.  GG


geomfdesc:
A linear depression formed by a drainageway that is incised considerably below the surface of an alluvial fan.  GG


geomfdesc:
The most extensive landform on piedmont slopes, formed by (a) the lateral, downslope, coalescence of mountain-front alluvial fans into one generally smooth slope with or without the transverse undulations of the semi-conical alluvial fans, and (b) accretions of fan aprons.  FFP


geomfdesc:
A general term for landforms that are the remaining parts of older fan-landforms, such as alluvial fans, fan aprons, inset fans, and fan skirts, that either have been dissected (erosional fan-remnants) or partially buried (nonburied fan-remnants).  An erosional fan remnant must have a relatively flat summit that is a relict fan-surface.  A nonburied fan-remnant is a relict surface in its entirety.  Compare - eroded fan remnant, ballena.  FFP.


geomfdesc:
The zone of smooth, laterally-coalescing, small alluvial fans that issue from gullies cut into the fan piedmont of a basin or that are coalescing extensions of the inset fans of the fan piedmont, and that merge with the basin floor at their toeslopes.  These are generally younger fans which onlap older fan surfaces.  FFP


geomfdesc:
(a) A steep slope or cliff formed by differential erosion along a fault line, as by the more rapid erosion of soft rock on the side of a fault as compared to that of more resistant rock on the other side; e.g. the east face of the Sierra Nevada in California.  (b)  (not recommended) A fault scarp that has been modified by erosion.  This usage is not recommended because the scarp is usually not located on the fault line.  GG


geomfdesc:
[geomorphology] - (a) (adjective)  Said of an area characterized by a continuous surface or stretch of land that is smooth, even, or horizontal, or nearly so, and that lacks any significant curvature, slope, elevations, or depressions.  (b) (noun)  An informal, generic term for a level or nearly level surface or small area of land marked by little or no local relief.  Compare - mud flat.  (c) (not recommended) A nearly level region that visibly displays less relief than its surroundings.  GG.

[lake] (not recommended)  (a) The low-lying, exposed, flat land of a lake delta or of a lake bottom. Compare - lake plain.  (b) The flat bottom of a desiccated lake in the arid parts of western USA.  Compare - playa, pluvial lake.


geomfdesc:
A fan-shaped deposit or other outspread deposit formed where an overloaded stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial) and deposits its material (often coarse-grained) on the flood plain.  Compare - crevasse.  GG


geomfdesc:
An essentially flat, terrace-like alluvial surface within a valley that is frequently covered by flood water from the present stream (e.g., below the 100 year flood level); any approximately horizontal surface still actively modified by fluvial scour and/or deposition (i.e., cut and fill and/or scour and fill processes).  May occur individually or as a series of steps.  Compare - stream terrace.  SW & RR


geomfdesc:
A lineation or streamlined groove and ridge parallel to the direction of ice movement, formed in newly deposited till or older drift.  They range in height from a few centimeters to 25 m, and in length from a few meters to 20 km.  GG


geomfdesc:
A long, narrow depression or troughlike hollow between the edge of a retreating glacier and the wall of its valley, or between the front of a moraine and its outwash plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
The part of a hillside or mountainside consisting of an outcrop of bare rock (scarp or cliff) that sheds colluvium to slopes below and commonly stands more steeply than the angle of repose of the colluvial slope (e.g. talus slope) immediately below. SW &  GG


geomfdesc:
A sharp break or opening in a mountain ridge, or a short pass through a mountain range; e.g., a wind gap.  GG


geomfdesc:
A ripple that is more than 30 m in length; e.g., the jokulhlaup derived giant ripples in Camas Prairie, MT.; it usually exhibits superimposed megaripples.  Compare - ripple mark.  GG


geomfdesc:
A channel formed by an ice-marginal, englacial, or subglacial stream during glaciation.  GG


geomfdesc:
An area formerly occupied by a glacial lake.  GG


geomfdesc:
An elongated trough or basin bounded on both sides by high-angle, normal faults that dip towards the interior of the trough.  It is a structural form that may or may not be geomorphically expressed as a rift valley.  Compare - horst.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial:  western U.S.A.; not preferred - refer to ravine)  A small stream channel, narrow and steep-sided in cross section, and larger than a gully, cut in unconsolidated materials.  General synonym - ravine.  Compare - arroyo, draw, gully, wash. HP


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Basin)  A gully, ravine, small valley, or narrow passage on land. GG


geomfdesc:
A steep slope at the head of a valley; e.g. the rock cliff at the back of a cirque.  Compare - cirque headwall. GG


geomfdesc:
A bog, often on the uplands, whose surface is covered by sphagnum mosses which, because of their high degree of water retention, make the bog more dependent upon precipitation than on the water table.  The bog often occurs as a raised peat bog or blanket bog.  Compare - lowmoor bog, raised bog.  GG


geomfdesc:
A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising at least 30 m (100 ft.) to as much as 300 meters (approx. 1000 ft.) above surrounding lowlands, usually with a nominal summit area relative to bounding slopes, a well-defined, rounded outline and slopes that generally exceed 15 percent.  A hill can occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group.  A hill can be further specified based on the magnitude of local relief: low hill (30 - 90 m) or high hill (90 - 300 m).  Informal distinctions between a hill and a mountain are often arbitrary and dependent on local convention. Compare - hillock, plateau, mountain, foothills, hills.  SW &  HP


geomfdesc:
An elongated block that is bounded on both sides by normal faults that dip away from the interior of the horst.  It is a structural form and may or may not be expressed geomorphically.  GG


geomfdesc:
A prominent, isolated, residual knob, hill, or small mountain, usually smoothed and rounded, rising abruptly from an extensive lowland erosion surface in a hot dry region; generally bare and rocky although the lower slopes are commonly buried by colluvium.  Compare - monadnock, nunatak.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial; southwestern USA)  The flood plain of an ephemeral stream that is confined between the fan remnants, ballenas, basin-floor remnants, or closely-opposed fan toeslopes of a basin.  FF & SW.


geomfdesc:
The relatively flat surface, whether sand-free or sand-covered, between dunes;  GG


geomfdesc:
A landform composed of the relatively undissected upland or ridge between two adjacent valleys containing streams flowing in the same general direction.  An elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those drainageways.  Compare - divide.  GG & FFP


geomfdesc:
A generic term for wide structural depressions between mountain ranges that are partly filled with alluvium and called "valleys" in the vernacular.  Intermontane basins may be drained internally (bolsons) or externally (semi-bolson).  FFP


geomfdesc:
(a)  An end moraine that contains numerous kames.  (b)  A group of kames along the front of a stagnant glacier, commonly comprising the slumped or erosional remnants of a formerly continuous outwash plain built up over the foot of rapidly wasting or stagnant ice.  GG


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments or resultant landform characterized by a mudflow composed chiefly of volcaniclastic materials on or near the flank of a volcano.  The debris carried in the flow includes pyroclastic material, blocks from primary lava flows, and epiclastic material.  Thick flows can exhibit a crude (poorly sorted) upward-fining sediment sequence.  Compare - mudflow.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
The flat to gently undulating ground underlain or composed of fine-grained sediments deposited in a former lake.


geomfdesc:
A nearly level surface marking the floor of an extinct lake filled by well-sorted, generally fine-textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing varves.  GG


geomfdesc:
The narrow strip of land in contact with or bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.  GG


geomfdesc:
A general, encompassing term for most types of mass movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport and outward deposition of soil and rock materials, caused by gravitational forces and which may or may not involve saturated materials.  Names of landslide types generally reflect the dominant process and/or the resultant landform.  The main operational categories of mass movement are fall (rockfall, soil fall, topple), slide (rotational landslide, block glide, debris slide, lateral spread), flow [rock fragment flow, (especially rockfall avalanche), debris avalanche, debris flow (e.g., lahar), earthflow (creep, mudflow)], and complex landslides.  Compare - solifluction.  SW & DV


geomfdesc:
A broad area of nearly level land, that can be localized but is commonly hundreds of square kilometers in extent, covered by a relatively thin succession of primarily basaltic lava flows resulting from fissure eruptions.  Compare - lava plateau, lava field, volcanic field.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
A broad elevated tableland or flat-topped highland, that may be localized but commonly is many hundreds or thousands of square kilometers in extent, underlain by a thick succession of basaltic lava flows resulting from fissure eruptions (e.g. Columbia River Plateau).  Compare - lava plain, lava field.  GG


geomfdesc:
A narrow, elongate, coarse-textured ridge that once rose near to, or barely above, a pluvial or glacial lake and extended generally parallel to the shore but was separated from it by an intervening trough or lagoon; both the bar and lagoon are now relict features.  GG


geomfdesc:
A hill or ridge composed  of a lava flow remnant that caps or is exposed in a tilted fault block and bounded by a dip slope.  Used as evidence of block faulting in Basin-and-Range terrain (western USA).  Compare - hogback.  GG


geomfdesc:
A bog that is at or only slightly above the water table, on which it depends for accumulation and preservation of peat (chiefly the remains of sedges, reeds, shrubs, and various mosses).  Compare - highmoor bog, raised bog.  GG


geomfdesc:
One of a series of regular freely developing sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the course of a stream.  GG.


geomfdesc:
The term "meandering" should be restricted to loops with channel length more than 1.5 to 2 times the meander wave length.  Meandering stream channels commonly have cross sections with low width-to-depth ratios, cohesive (fine-grained) bank materials, and low gradient.  At a given bank-full discharge, meandering streams have gentler slopes, and deeper narrower, and more stable channel cross sections than braided streams.  Compare - meander, braided stream, flood-plain landforms.  HP & RR


geomfdesc:
(a) One of a series of long, parallel, close fitting, crescent-shaped ridges and troughs formed along the inner bank of a stream meander as the channel migrated laterally down-valley and toward the outer bank.  Compare - meander belt, point bar.  (b) (not recommended; refer to oxbow lake) - A small, elongate lake on a flood plain in a well-defined part of an abandoned stream channel.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) An elongate moraine carried in or upon the middle of a glacier and parallel to its sides, usually formed by the merging of adjacent and inner lateral moraines below the junction of two coalescing valley glaciers.  (b) A moraine formed by glacial abrasion of a rocky protuberance near the middle of a glacier and whose debris appears at the glacier surface in the ablation area.  (c) The irregular ridge left behind in the middle of a glacial valley, when the glacier on which it was formed has disappeared.  GG


geomfdesc:
An isolated hill or mountain of resistant rock rising conspicuously above the general level of a lower erosion surface in a temperate climate representing an isolated remnant of a former erosion cycle in an area that has largely been beveled to its base level.  Compare - inselberg, nunatak.  GG


geomfdesc:
A unit of folded strata that dips from the horizontal in one direction only, is not part of an anticline or syncline, and occurs at the earth's surface..  This structure is typically present in plateau areas where nearly flat strata locally assume steep dips caused by differential vertical movements without faulting.  Compare - anticline, syncline, fold.  SW & HP


geomfdesc:
A general term for a landform composed mainly of till that has been deposited by a glacier; a kame moraine is a type of  moraine similar in exterior form to other types of moraines but composed mainly of stratified outwash materials.  Types of moraine include: disintegration, end, ground, kame, lateral, recessional, and terminal.  SW


geomfdesc:
A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising more than 300 meters above surrounding lowlands, usually with a nominal summit area relative to bounding slopes and generally with steep sides (greater than 25 percent slope) with or without considerable bare-rock exposed.  A mountain can occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group forming a chain or range.  Mountains are primarily formed by tectonic activity and/or volcanic action and secondarily by differential erosion.  Compare - hill, hillock, plateau, foothills, mountains. SW & HP


geomfdesc:
A part of a mountain between the summit and the foot.  Compare - mountainflank, hillslope.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) Any small, externally drained V-shaped depression (in cross-section) cut or deepened by a stream and floored with alluvium, or a broader, U-shaped depression modified by an alpine glacier and floored with either till or alluvium, that occurs on a mountain or within mountains.  Several types of mountain valleys can be recognized based on their form and valley floor sediments (i.e., V-shaped valley, U-shaped valley).  Compare - valley.  SW (b) (colloquial: Basin and Range, USA)  A relatively small, structural depression within a mountain range that is partly filled with alluvium and commonly drains externally to an intermontane basin, bolson, or semi-bolson.  Compare - valley flat.  SW &  FFP


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (mudflow deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a very rapid type of earthflow dominated by a sudden, downslope movement of a mass of rock, soil, and mud (more than 50% of the particles are < 2 mm), that behaves much as a viscous fluid when moving.  Compare - debris flow, flow, landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
A bog, usually a sphagnum bog, frequently with grassy tussocks (hummocks), growing in wet, poorly drained boreal regions, with deep accumulations of organic material, often in areas of permafrost; a moss-covered muck or peat bog of boreal regions.  GG  and HP


geomfdesc:
A long, broad low ridge or embankment of sand and coarse silt, built by a stream on its flood plain and along both sides of its channel, especially in time of flood when water overflowing the normal banks is forced to deposit the coarsest part of its load. It has a gentle slope away from the river and toward the surrounding floodplain, and its highest elevation is closest to the river bank.  Compare - levee, artificial levee, meander belt.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) (colloquial - northeast USA) A narrow passageway, or short defile between mountains; a deep, close pass.  Compare - gap.  (b) A breached opening in the rim of a volcanic crater.  GG


geomfdesc:
A fan-shaped accumulation of outwash deposited by meltwater streams in front of the end moraine of a glacier.  Coalescing outwash fans form an outwash plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
The crescent-shaped, often ephemeral body of standing water situated by the side of a stream in the abandoned channel (oxbow) of a meander after the stream formed a neck cutoff and the ends of the original bend were silted up.  Compare - meander belt, oxbow.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: midwestern USA) Commonly an erosional remnant modified by depositional processes consisting of a low, elongated, rounded ridge or hill consisting mainly of drift, rock, or windblown sand, silt, or clay capped with a thick cover of loess; found especially in northeast Iowa.  Height varies between 10 and 30 m.  GG


geomfdesc:
A sand dune with a long, scoop-shaped form, convex in the downwind direction so that its horns point upwind, whose ground plan, when perfectly developed, approximates the form of a parabola.  GG


geomfdesc:
(not preferred) refer to ballena  - (colloquial: western U.S.A.)  A fan remnant having a distinctively-rounded surface of fan alluvium.  The ballena's broadly-rounded shoulders meet from either side to form a narrow summit and merge smoothly with concave sideslopes and then concave, short pediments which form smoothly-rounded drainageways between adjacent ballenas.  A partial ballena is a fan remnant large enough to retain some relict fan surface on a remnant summit.  Compare - fan remnant.  Modified from FFP


geomfdesc:
A generally flat-topped expanse of peat, elevated above the general surface of a peatland, and containing segregated ice that may or may not extend downward into the underlying mineral soil.  Controversy exists as to whether peat plateaus and palsen are morphological variations of the same feature.  NRC


geomfdesc:
An outwash plain marked by many irregular depressions such as kettles, shallow pits, and potholes which formed by melting of incorporated ice masses; much of the gradient and internal structures of the original plain remain intact; many are found in WI, MN, MI, and IN.  Compare - collapsed outwash plain, outwash, pitted outwash.  GG


geomfdesc:
A general term referring to any flat, lowland area, large or small, at a low elevation.  Specifically, any extensive region of comparatively smooth and level gently undulating land.  A plain has few or no prominent hills or valleys but sometimes has considerable slope, and usually occurs at low elevation relative to surrounding areas.  Where dissected, remnants of a plain can form the local uplands.  A plain may be forested or bare of trees and may be formed by deposition or erosion.  Compare - lowland, plateau.  GG


geomfdesc:
A comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically an extensive land region considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above adjacent lower-lying terrain, and is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt descent, has a flat or nearly level surface.  A comparatively large part of a plateau surface is near summit level.  Compare - hill, foothill, mountain, mesa, plain.  GG


geomfdesc:
A volcanic dome characterized by an upheaved, consolidated conduit filling.  GG


geomfdesc:
A lake formed in a period of exceptionally heavy rainfall; a lake formed in the Pleistocene Epoch during a time of glacial advance, and now either extinct (relict) or existing as a remnant (lake); e.g., Lake Bonneville.  Compare - glacial lake, proglacial lake.  GG


geomfdesc:
One of a series of low, arcuate ridges of sand and gravel developed on the inside of a growing meander by the slow addition of individual accretions accompanying migration of the channel toward the outer bank.  Compare - meander scroll.  GG


geomfdesc:
An elongated uplift of the congealing crust of a lava flow, probably due to the pressure of the underlying, still-flowing lava; commonly < 5 m in height (but range up to 15 m) and < 100 m length (but can exceed 500 m).  Compare - tumulus.  SW, GG, & GS


geomfdesc:
An ancient (relict) beach occurring above the present shoreline and separated from the present beach, having been elevated above the high-water mark either by local crustal movements (uplift) or by lowering of sea level, and often bounded by inland cliffs.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A ridge-like or mound-like structure, layered or massive, built by sedentary calcareous organisms, especially corals, and consisting mostly of their remains; it is wave-resistant and stands above the surrounding contemporaneously deposited sediment.  Also, such a structure built in the geologic past and now enclosed in rock, commonly of differing lithology.  (b) A mass or ridge of rocks, especially coral and sometimes sand, gravel, or shells, rising above the surrounding sea or lake bottom to or nearly to the surface, and dangerous to navigation; specifically such a feature at 10 fathoms (18.3 m) or less, formerly 6 fathoms (11 m).  GG


geomfdesc:
A nutrient-rich wetland with a surface pattern of ridges and depressions.


geomfdesc:
The border, margin, edge, or face of a landform, such as the curved brim surrounding the top part of a crater or caldera; specifically the rimrock of a plateau or canyon.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small elongate protruding knob or hillock of bedrock, so sculptured by a large glacier as to have its long axis oriented in the direction of ice movement, an upstream (stoss or scour) side that is gently inclined, smoothly rounded, and striated, and a downstream (lee or pluck) side that is steep and rough.  It is usually a few meters in height, length, and breadth.  GG


geomfdesc:
A mass of poorly sorted angular boulders and fine material, with interstitial ice a meter or so below the surface (ice-cemented) or containing a buried ice glacier (ice-cored).  It occurs in a permafrost area, and is derived from a cirque wall or other steep cliff.  Rock glaciers have the general appearance and slow movement of small valley glaciers, ranging from a few hundred meters to several kilometers in length, and having a distal area marked by a series of transverse, arcuate ridges.  GG


geomfdesc:
A flow of wet sand, as along banks of noncohesive clean sand that is subject to scour and to repeated fluctuations in pore-water pressure due to rise and fall of the tide.  GG


geomfdesc:
A large, irregularly shaped, commonly thin, surficial mantle of eolian sand, lacking the discernible slip faces that are common on dunes.  GG


geomfdesc:
An escarpment, cliff, or steep slope of some extent along the margin of a plateau, mesa, terrace, or structural bench.  A scarp may be of any height.  Compare - escarpment.  GG


geomfdesc:
A cliff or slope produced by wave erosion, situated at the seaward edge of the coast or the landward side of the wave-cut platform.  It may vary from an inconspicuous slope to a high, steep escarpment.  GG


geomfdesc:
A surficial ridge, bank, or bar consisting of sand or other subaqueous deposit that has become permanently exposed by the retreat or lowering of a proglacial lake other body of water.  Compare - longshore bar [relict].  GG


geomfdesc:
The intersection of a specified plane of water with the beach; it migrates with changes of the tide or of the water level.  Compare - strand line, shore complex, beach, swash zone.   GG


geomfdesc:
A small, streamlined dune that forms around brush and clump vegetation.  GG


geomfdesc:
A closed, circular or elliptical depression, commonly funnel-shaped, characterized by subsurface drainage and formed either by dissolution of the surface of underlying bedrock (e.g., limestone, gypsum, salt) (solution sinkhole) or by collapse of underlying caves within bedrock (collapse sinkhole); diameters range from a few meters to as much as 1000 m.  Complexes of sinkholes in carbonate-rock terrain are the main components of karst topography.  Synonym (not preferred) - doline.  Compare - karst valley, interior valley, cockpit.  SW & WW


geomfdesc:
a) - A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (slide deposit) or resultant landforms (e.g., rotational slide, translational slide, and snowslide) characterized by a failure of earth, snow, or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces that are either visible or may reasonably be inferred.  The moving mass may or may not be greatly deformed, and movement may be rotational (rotational slide) or planar (translational slide).    A slide can result from lateral erosion, lateral pressure, weight of overlying material, accumulation of moisture, earthquakes, expansion owing to freeze-thaw of water in cracks, regional tilting, undermining, fire, and human agencies.  Compare -fall, topple, lateral spread, flow, complex landslide.  SW & DV  (b) The track of bare rock or furrowed earth left by a slide.  (c) The mass of material moved in or deposited by a slide.  Compare - fall, flow, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
(a) (not preferred- refer to rotational slide) A generic, obsolete term for various types of landslides, especially rotational landslide; the process, associated sediments, or resultant landform characterized by a slide involving a shearing and rotary movement of a generally independent mass of rock or earth along a curved slip surface (concave upward) and about an axis parallel to the slope from which it descends, and by backward tilting of the mass with respect to that slope so that the slump surface often exhibits a reversed slope facing uphill.  Compare - rotational slide, slide, landslide.  SW, GG, & DV.  (b) (not recommended) refer to rotational slide.  An informal term for the landform or mass of material slipped down during, or produced by a landslide.  GG & DV


geomfdesc:
TheA mass of material torn away as a coherent unit during a landslide; a largely intact but displaced and commonly reoriented body of rock or soil.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
A subordinate ridge or lesser elevation that projects sharply from the crest or side of a hill, mountain, or other prominent range of hills or mountains.  GG


geomfdesc:
A steep-sided mass of rock rising above its surroundings on all sides from a slope or hill.  GG


geomfdesc:
A prograded shore built seaward by waves and currents, and continuous for some distance along the coast.  It is characterized by subparallel beach ridges and swales, in places with associated dunes.  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of stream terrace, formed as an erosional surface cut on bedrock and thinly mantled with stream deposits (alluvium).


geomfdesc:
A volcano that is constructed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits, along with abundant dikes and sills.  Viscous, acidic lava may flow from fissures radiating from a central vent, from which pyroclastics are ejected.  Compare - shield volcano.  GG


geomfdesc:
One or a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to the stream channel, originally formed near the level of the stream, and representing the remnants of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley floor produced during a former state of fluvial erosion or deposition (i.e., currently very rarely or never floods; inactive cut and fill and/or scour and fill processes).  Erosional surfaces cut into bedrock and thinly mantled with stream deposits (alluvium) are called "strath terraces."  Remnants of constructional valley floors thickly mantled with alluvium are called alluvial terraces.  Compare - alluvial terrace, flood-plain step, strath terrace, terrace.  HP & SW


geomfdesc:
A peatland with rough parallel narrow ridges of peat dominated by peat vegetation interspersed with slight depressions, many of which contain shallow pools.  The ridges are at right angles to low < 2o slopes.  They are typically 1 to 3 m wide, up to 1 m high and may be over 1 km long.  The ridges are slightly elevated and are better drained allowing shrubs and trees to grow.  They are best developed in areas of discontinuous permafrost.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A unit of folded strata that is concave upward.  In a simple syncline, beds forming the opposing limbs of the fold dip toward its axial plane.  Compare - anticline, monocline.  HP


geomfdesc:
An end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier and usually has the form of a massive arcuate or concentric ridge, or complex of ridges, underlain by till and other drift types.  Compare - end moraine, recessional moraine, ground moraine.  HP and GG


geomfdesc:
A hollow in the ground resulting from subsidence following the local melting of ground ice in a permafrost region.  GG


geomfdesc:
An extensive, flat to gently undulating area underlain predominantly by till and bounded on the distal end by subordinate recessional or end moraines.  Compare - till, ground moraine.  SW


geomfdesc:
A sand or gravel bar or barrier that connects an island with the mainland or with another island.  GG


geomfdesc:
A high, isolated pinnacle, or rocky peak; or a pile of rocks, much-jointed and usually granitic, exposed to intense weathering, and often assuming peculiar or fantastic shapes.  GG


geomfdesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (translational slide deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by the extremely slow to moderately rapid downslope displacement of comparatively dry soil-rock material on a surface (slip face) that is roughly parallel to the general ground surface, in contrast to falls topples, and rotational slides.  The term includes such diverse slide types as translational debris slides, translational earth slide, translational rock slide, block glides, and slab or flake slides. .  Compare - rotational slide, slide, landslide.  SW, DV, GG


geomfdesc:
A relatively shallow trench or depression cut into drift and other loose material, or in bedrock, by a subglacial stream not loaded with coarse sediment that may or may not be part of the present day drainage pattern.  GG


geomfdesc:
A valley having a pronounced parabolic cross profile suggesting the form of a broad letter "U", with steep walls and a broad, nearly flat floor; specifically a valley carved by glacial erosion.  Compare - V-shaped valley.  GG


geomfdesc:
An elongate, relatively large, externally drained depression of the Earth's surface that is primarily developed by stream erosion or glacial activity.  Compare - basin.  HP


geomfdesc:
A generic term for the low or relatively level ground lying between valley walls and bordering a stream channel; especially the small plain at the bottom of a narrow, steep-sided valley.  The term can be generally applied noncommittally to a flat surface that cannot be identified with certainty as a floodplain or terrace.  Compare - backswamp, meander belt.  GG


geomfdesc:
A general term for the nearly level to gently sloping, lowest surface of a valley.  Landforms include axial stream channels, the flood plain, flood-plain steps, and, in some areas, low terrace surfaces.  Compare - flood-plain landforms, meander, braided channel, valley side.  HP


geomfdesc:
A steep-sided, rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano, and forming a dome-shaped or bulbous mass of congealed lava above and around the volcanic vent.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material.  (b) Any eruption of material, e.g. mud, that resembles a magmatic volcano.  GG '87


geomfdesc:
A valley having a pronounced cross profile suggesting the form of the letter "V", characterized by steep sides and short tributaries; specifically a narrow valley resulting from downcutting by a stream.  The "V" becomes broader as the downcutting progresses.  Compare - U-shaped valley.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: western U.S.A.)  The broad, flat-flooded channel of an ephemeral stream, commonly with very steep to vertical banks cut in alluvium.  Note:  When channels reach intersect zones of ground-water discharge they are more properly classed as "intermittent stream" channels.  Synonym - arroyo.  Compare - gully.  HP


geomfdesc:
A fan-like deposit of sand washed over a barrier island during a storm.  GG


geomfdesc:
A valley, commonly in karst, that ends abruptly downstream at the point at which its stream disappears underground.  GG


geomfdesc:
A solidified body of rock formed from the lateral, surficial outpouring of molten lava from a vent or fissure, often lobate in form.  Compare - a'a lavaflow, pahoehoe lava flow. GG


geomfdesc:
A bluff composed of a thick deposit of coarse loess, formed immediately adjacent to the edges of flood plains, as along the Mississippi River valley or China.  Sometimes referred to as a bluff formation (not preferred).  Modified substantially from GG.


geomfdesc:
A hill composed of thick deposits of loess, as in IA, MO, NE and the Palouse hills of WA.  SW


geomfdesc:
The relatively steeper face of a cuesta, facing in a direction opposite to the dip of the strata.  Compare - dip slope.  GG


geomfdesc:
A closed depression or doline into which all or part of a stream disappears underground.  GG


geomfdesc:
[structural geology] A curve or bend of a planar structure such as rock strata, bedding planes, foliation, or cleavage.  GG


geomfdesc:
A tabular, igneous intrusion that parallels the bedding or foliation of the surrounding sedimentary or metamorphic rock.  Compare - dike.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) Any terrestrial formation resembling a bay of the sea, as a recess or extension of lowland along a river valley or within a curve in a range of hills, or an arm of a prairie extending into, or partly surrounded by, a forest.  (b) A Carolina Bay.  GG & GSST.


geomfdesc:
A term applied to many local water features in the lower Mississippi River basin and in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S..  Its general meaning is a creek or secondary watercourse that is tributary to another body of water; especially a sluggish and stagnant stream that follows a winding course through alluvial lowlands, coastal swamps or river deltas. Compare - oxbow, slough.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A seaward end or the widened funnel-shaped tidal mouth of a river valley where fresh water comes into contact with seawater and where tidal effects are evident; e.g., a tidal river, or a partially enclosed coastal body of water where the tide meets the current of a stream.    (b) A portion of an ocean or an arm of the sea affected by fresh water; e.g., the Baltic Sea.     (c) A drowned river mouth formed by the subsidence of land near the coast or by the drowning of the lower portion of a nonglacial valley due to the rise of sea level.  GG


geomfdesc:
(a) A lake that derives much or all of its water from the melting of glacier ice, fed by meltwater, and lying outside the glacier margins (e.g. proglacial lake) or lying on a glacier (e.g. ice-walled lake, ice-floored lake) and due to differential melting.  (b) A lake occupying a basin produced by glacial deposition, such as one held in by a morainal dam.  (c) A lake occupying a basin produced in bedrock by glacial erosion (scouring, quarrying); e.g., cirque lake, fjord.  (d) A lake occupying a basin produced by collapse of outwash material surrounding masses of stagnant ice.   GG


geomfdesc:
A tidal stream connecting two larger waterways.  GG


geomfdesc:
[coast] A shallow stretch of salt or brackish water, partly or completely separated from a sea or lake by an offshore reef, barrier island, sand or spit.  GG.  [relict landform] A nearly level, filled trough or depression behind the longshore bar on a barrier beach and built by a receding pluvial or glacial lake.


geomfdesc:
An inland body of permanently standing water fresh or saline, occupying a depression on the Earth's surface, generally of appreciable size (larger than a pond) and too deep to permit vegetation (excluding subaqueous vegetation) to take not completely across the expanse of water.  GG


geomfdesc:
A shallow, intermittent lake in a arid or semi-arid region, covering or occupying a playa in the wet season but drying up in summer; an ephemeral lake that upon evaporation leaves or forms a playa.  GG


geomfdesc:
A shallow depression, generally less than 10 hectares in area, occurring on disintegration moraines and commonly containing an intermittent or seasonal pond or marsh.  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of glacial lake which formed just beyond the margin of an advancing or retreating glacier; generally in direct contact with the ice.  Compare - glacial lake, pluvial lake.  GG


geomfdesc:
A large or small body of salt water in a marsh or swamp along the seacoast.  GG


geomfdesc:
a) A relatively shallow place in a stream, lake, sea, or other body of water; a shallows.  (b) A submerged ridge, bank, or bar consisting of, or covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, rising from the bed of a body of water to near the surface so as to constitute a danger to navigation.  It may be exposed at low water.  Compare - reef.  GG


geomfdesc:
A quiet part of, or a still body of water in a stream.  Compare - backswamp.  GG


geomfdesc:
Lake or pond produced in a permafrost region by melting of ground ice.  HP


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris avalanche deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a very rapid to extremely rapid type of flow dominated by the sudden downslope movement of incoherent, unsorted mixtures of soil and weathered bedrock which, although comparatively dry, behave much as a viscous fluid.  Compare - debris flow, rock fragment flow, debris avalanche, earthflow, landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
The flat to gently undulating ground underlain or composed of fine-grained sediments deposited in a former lake.  (b) The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.  GG


geomfdesc:
(refer to lake plain) (a) A imprecise term for a slight increase in slope and elevation of the land surface, usually with a broad summit and gently sloping sides.  GG (b) [soil survey] same as (a) but the term is restricted to microfeatures in areas of very low relief such as lake plains or coastal plains.  SW


geomfdesc:
Collapsed basins that are generally closed depressions which are the direct result of surficial subsidence associated with subsurface mining (e.g. long-wall mining).  SW


geomfdesc:
An artificial embankment constructed along the bank of a watercourse or an arm of the sea, to protect land from inundation or to confine streamflow to it's channel.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small human-made hill, composed either of debris accumulated during successive occupations of the site or of earth heaped up to mark a burial site. GG


geomfdesc:
An earthen embankment constructed across a slope for conducting water from above at a regulated flow to prevent accelerated erosion and to conserve water.  Compare - hillslope terrace.  SW & GSST


geomfdesc:
An open and usually unpaved (unlined), channel or trench excavated to convey water for drainage (removal) from a landscape; smaller than a canal; some ditches are modified natural waterways.  GG


geomfdesc:
A mound or stratum of refuse (broken pots, ashes, food remains, etc.) normally found on the site of an ancient settlement.  GG


geomfdesc:
a) A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface depression, usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool.  b) A small artificial body of water, used as a source of water.  Compare  - salt pond.  GG


geomfdesc:
The trace or track of a railroad route, commonly raised slightly above the adjacent land, and composed mostly of earthy material (gravel, rock fragments, etc.).  Abandoned or reclaimed beds may no longer be topographically or visually distinct, but the materials used to construct them may still be a significant portion of the soil zone.  SW


geomfdesc:
An anthropogenic, nearly level impoundment that is inundated for long periods typically for wetland rice production.  It is applied to areas that have been used in this fashion for a long enough period of time to significantly change the original soil morphology (especially redoximorphic features).  SW


geomfdesc:
The trace or track of a wheeled vehicle route that may or may not be raised slightly above the adjacent land, and may be composed mostly of earthy fill material (gravel, rock fragments, etc.) or local soil material.  Traffic can alter various soil properties primarily by compaction. Abandoned or reclaimed beds may no longer be topographically or visually distinct. However, materials used to construct beds or associated changes in soil properties may continue to have a significant impact upon soil management or plant growth.  SW


geomfdesc:
A linear or arcuate opening left in the soil after a plow or disk has opened a shallow channel at the soil surface.  A shallow channel cut in the soil surface, usually between planted rows for controlling surface water and soil loss, or for conveying irrigation water. GSST


geomfdesc:
A raised, generally horizontal strip of earth and/or rock bounded by a down-slope berm or retaining wall, constructed along a contour on a hillslope to make land suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion; common in steep terrain, both archaic (e.g. Peru) and modern (e.g. Nepal).  Compare - conservation terrace.  SW & GSST


geomfdesc:
A landscape which is intricately dissected and characterized by a very fine drainage network with high drainage densities and short, steep slopes with narrow interfluves.  Badlands develop on surfaces with little or no vegetative cover, overlying unconsolidated or poorly cemented materials (clays, silts, or in some cases sandstones) sometimes with soluble minerals such as gypsum or halite.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: southwestern U.S.A.) A broad, gently inclined alluvial piedmont slope extending from the base of a mountain range out into a basin and formed by the lateral coalescence of a series of alluvial fans.  Typically it has a broadly undulating transverse profile, parallel to the mountain front, resulting from the convexities of component fans.  The term is generally restricted to constructional slopes of intermontane basins.  Synonym - coalescent fan piedmont.  Compare - colluvial apron.  HP & SW


geomfdesc:
(a)  Drainage basin;  (b) A low area in the Earth's crust, of tectonic origin, in which sediments have accumulated.  GG  (c) (colloquial:  western USA)  A general term for the nearly level to gently sloping, bottom surface of an intermontane basin (bolson).  Landforms include playas, broad alluvial flats containing ephemeral drainageways, and relict alluvial and lacustrine surfaces that rarely, if ever, are subject to flooding.  Where through-drainage systems are well developed, flood plains are dominant and lake plains are absent or of limited extent.  Basin floors grade mountainward to distal parts of piedmont slopes.  FFP


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: western USA.)  A landscape term for an internally drained (closed) intermontane basin into which drainages from surrounding mountains converge inward toward a central depression.  Bolsons are often tectonically depressed areas and, according to Peterson, include alluvial flat, alluvial plain, beach plain, barrier beach, lake plain, sand sheets, dunes, and playa.  The piedmont slope includes slopes of erosional origin adjoining the mountain front (pediments) and complex construction surfaces (fans).  A semi-bolson is an externally drained (open) bolson.  Synonym - intermontane basin.  GG and FFP.


geomfdesc:
(colloquial:  western USA) A landscape or large tract of steep, rough or broken land dissected by ravines and gullies and marks a sudden change in topography as from an elevated plain to lower hilly terrain, or a line of irregular cliffs at the edge of  a mesa or a river (e.g., the Missouri River breaks).  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
A steeply sloping upland composed of hills with relief of  30 up to 300 meters and fringes a mountain range or high-plateau escarpment.    Compare - hill, mountain, plateau.  HP


geomfdesc:
(not preferred - use karst).  A landscape dominated by dissolution features (e.g., sinkhole, blind valley, closed depressions, underground drainage) formed in soluable rocks.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
The zone within which migration of a meandering channel occurs; the flood-plain area included between two imaginary lines drawn tangential to the outer bends of active channel loops.  Landform components of the meander-belt surface are produced by a combination of gradual (lateral and down-valley) migration of meander loops and avulsive channel shifts causing abrupt cut-offs of loop segments.  Landforms flanking the sinuous stream channel include:  point bars, abandoned meanders, meander scrolls, oxbow lakes, natural levees, and flood-plain splays.  Meander belts may not exhibit prominent natural levee or splay forms.  Flood plains of broad valleys may contain one or more abandoned meander belts in addition to the zone flanking the active stream channel.  HP


geomfdesc:
A region or landscape characterized by mountains and their intervening valleys; a generic name for any group, cluster, or sequence of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, orientation, direction, formation, or age, and whose summits commonly exceed 300 m  (approx. 1000 ft).  Compare - foothills, hills, mountain range, mountain system.    SW.


geomfdesc:
An area, plain, slope, glacier, or other feature at the base of a mountain; e.g., a foothill or a bajada.  In the United States, the Piedmont (noun) is a low plateau extending from New Jersey to Alabama and lying east of the Appalachian Mountains.  GG


geomfdesc:
An elongated depression of the Earth's surface; carved by a river during the course of it's development. GG


geomfdesc:
A region of semi-stabilized sand dunes or sandy hills, either covered with vegetation or bare, as in north-central Nebraska and the midlands of the Carolinas.  GG


geomfdesc:
An elevated, flat-lying, basalt-floored area, with little if any soil cover, sparse vegetation, and usually deep, dry channels scoured into the surface, especially by glacial meltwaters such as the channeled scablands of eastern Washington.  Compare - coulee.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: western USA) A wide desert basin or valley that is drained by an intermittent stream, an externally drained (open) intermontane basin.  Compare - bolson  GG


geomfdesc:
A general term for a broad upland mass with nearly level or undulating summit area of large extent and steep side slopes descending to surrounding lowlands.  Compare - plateau, mesa, cuesta.  HP


geomfdesc:
Karst-like topographic features produced in a permafrost region by local melting of ground ice and subsequent settling of the ground.  GG


geomfdesc:
An informal, general term for (a) the higher ground of a region, in contrast with a low-lying, adjacent land such as a valley or plain.  (b) Land at a higher elevation than the flood plain or low stream terrace; land above the footslope zone of the hillslope continuum.  Compare - lowland.  HP & GG


geomfdesc:
An elongated, relatively large, externally drained depression of the Earth's surface that is primarily developed by stream erosion or glacial activity.  Compare - basin.  HP


geomfdesc:
A local-scale topographic pattern of recurring, small, sinuous or arcuate ridges separated by shallow troughs irregularly spaced across low-relief flood plains(slopes generally 2 - 6 %); the effect is one of a subdued, sinuously undulating surface that is common on active, meandering flood plains.  Micro-elevational differences between bars and channels generally range from <0.5 to 2 m and are largely controlled by the competency of the stream.  The ridge-like bars often consist of somewhat coarser sediments compared to the finer textured sediments of the micro-low troughs.  Compare - meander scroll, meander belt.  SW


geomfdesc:
A form of patterned ground whose horizontal mesh is dominantly circular.  Compare - Nonsorted circle, patterned ground.  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of hummock consisting predominantly of a core of silty and clayey mineral soil and showing evidence of cryoturbation.  Earth hummocks are a type of nonsorted circle.  Compare - turf hummock, hummock [patterned ground], non-sorted circle, patterned ground.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A tall, conical column of unconsolidated to semi-consolidated earth materials (e.g. clay till, or landslide debris) produced by differential erosion and usually capped by a flat, hard rock fragment that shields the underlying, softer material from erosion.  It can measure up to 6-9 m in height, and its diameter is a function of the width of the protective boulder.  Compare - hoodoo.  GG


geomfdesc:
A small mound of fresh soil material formed by frost action.  A type of nonsorted circle commonly found in fine-grained sediment underlain by permafrost, or formed in areas affected by seasonal frost.  Compare - patterned ground.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A microfeature pattern of soils composed of a succession of microbasins and microknolls on level areas, or of microtroughs and microridges parallel to the slope on sloping areas, and produced by expansion / contraction and shear / thrust processes with changes in moisture.  Found in soils containing large amounts of smectitic clay that swell and shrink considerably with wetting and drying. Various types of gilgai can be recognized based on the dominant shape of micro-highs and micro-lows: circular gilgai, elliptical gilgai, and linear gilgai.  Also referred to, in part or in total, as crabhole, Bay of Biscay, or hushabye in older literature.  SW & GSST


geomfdesc:
A small channel with steep sides caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water usually during and immediately following heavy rains or after ice / snow melt.  A gully generally is an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and too deep (e.g., >  0.5 m) to be obliterated by ordinary tillage; (a rill is of lesser depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary tillage).  Compare - rill, ravine, arroyo, swale, and draw.  HP & GSST


geomfdesc:
A polygon whose center is raised relative to its boundary.  Compare - low center polygon.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A small, irregular knob of earth (earth hummock) or turf (turf hummock).  Neither type of hummock is diagnostic of permafrost, but both are most common in subpolar or alpine regions.  Both require vegetative cover.  GG


geomfdesc:
Patterned ground in areas of ice wedges.  These polygons are commonly in poorly-drained areas and may be high-centered or low-centered.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A polygon whose center is depressed relative to its boundary.  Compare - high-center polygon.  NRC


geomfdesc:
(a) A low, rounded natural hill, of unspecified origin, generally less than 3 m high, composed of earthy material; Compare - hillock.  (b) A small, human-made hill, composed either of debris accumulated during successive occupations of the site (e.g. tell) or of earth heaped up to mark a burial site (e.g. burial mound).  (c) A structure built by colonial organisms (e.g. termite mound).  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of patterned ground whose mesh (shape) is dominantly circular and has a nonsorted appearance due to the absence of a boarder of coarse fragments.  Vegetation characteristically outlines the pattern by forming a boardering ridge.  Diameters commonly range from 0.5 to 3 m.  Nonsorted circles include mud boils, earth hummocks, turf hummocks, and frost boils.  Nonsorted circles have various origins.  Some, such as mud and earth hummocks and frost boils, involve cryoturbation activity and differential heave of frost-susceptible materials.  Others, such as mud boils, involve hydraulic pressures and diapir-like displacement of water-saturated sediments.  Compare - sorted circle, frost boil, patterned ground.  NRC and GG


geomfdesc:
An elliptical dome-like permafrost mound containing alternating layers of ice lenses and peat or mineral soil, commonly 3-10 m high and 2-25 m long, occurring in subarctic bogs of the tundra and often surrounded by water; pl. palsen.  NRC


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: Gulf Coast U.S.A.)  Low, flattened, approximately circular or elliptical features composed of sandy loam that is coarser than, and distinct from, the surrounding soil; the basal diameter ranges from 3 m to more than 30 m, and the height from 30 cm to more than 2 m.  Compare -  mima mound, patterned ground, shrub-coppice dune.  GG


geomfdesc:
A tall, slender, tapering tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock, either isolated, as on steep slopes or cliffs formed in karst or other massive rocks,  or at the summit of a hill or mountain.    Compare - erosional remnant, hoodoo.  GG


geomfdesc:
A type of patterned ground consisting of a closed, roughly equidimensional figure bounded by more or less straight sides; some sides may be irregular.  Refer to patterned ground.  Compare - High center polygon, low center polygon, ice wedge polygon, nonsorted polygon.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A small, natural body of standing water, usually fresh; e.g. a stagnant body of water in a marsh, or a transient puddle in a depression following a rain.  GG


geomfdesc:
[geomorghology] (not preferred) A generic, imprecise term for any pot-shaped pit or hole.

[glacial geology] A term applied to a small pit depression (1 to 15 meters deep), generally circular or elliptical, occurring in an outwash plain, a recessional moraine, or a till plain.

[lake] - A shallow depression, generally less than 10 hectares in area, occurring on disintegration moraines and commonly containing an intermittent or seasonal pond or marsh.  GG


geomfdesc:
An undulating surface of alternating, subparallel, small-scale ridges and depressions, commonly composed of loose sand.  It is produced on land by wind and under water by the agitation of water by currents or wave action, and generally tends at right angles or obliquely to the direction of flow of the moving fluid.  Compare - giant ripple mark.  GG


geomfdesc:
An accumulation of sand commonly in the form of a low mound, produced by the expulsion of liquified sand to the ground surface; sometimes called sand volcanoes (not preferred).  Examples are found on top of some landslide deposits (i.e. spreads) or on the upper surface of highly contorted layers of laminated sediments.  SW & GG


geomfdesc:
A place in a stream bed swept (scoured) by running water, generally leaving a gravel bottom.  GG


geomfdesc:
A broad deposit of nonsorted, water-saturated, locally derived material that is moving or has moved downslope, en masse.  Stripes are commonly associated with solifluction sheets.  Compare - stripe. NRC


geomfdesc:
A low step with a straight or lobate front, the latter reflecting local differences in rate of flow.  A solifluction terrace may have bare mineral soil on the upslope part and 'folded under' organic matter in both the seasonally thawed and the frozen soil.  NRC


geomfdesc:
A type of patterned ground whose mesh (shape) is largely circular and has a sorted appearance commonly due to a border of coarse fragments surrounding finer material, occurring either singly or in groups.  Diameters range from a few centimeters to more than 10 meters.  The coarse fragment border may be 35 cm high and 8 to 12 cm wide.  Compare - patterned ground.  GG and NRC


geomfdesc:
A type of patterned ground; one of the alternating bands of fine and coarse surface material, or of rock or soil and vegetation-covered ground, commonly found on steeper slopes.  It is usually straight, but may be sinuous or branching.  Compare - patterned ground.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: southwestern USA) A natural depression or cavity in impervious rocks in which water collects and remains for the greater part of the year.  GG


geomfdesc:
Small, irregular step-like forms on steep hillslopes, especially in pasture, formed by creep or erosion of surficial materials that may or may not be induced by trampling of livestock such as sheep or cattle.  Synonyms (not preferred) - catstep, sheep or cattle track.  HP


geomfdesc:
The small mound of debris sloughed from the root plate (ball) of a tipped-over tree.  Sometimes called a cradle knoll (not recommended).  Local soil horizons are commonly obliterated and result in heterogeneous strata.  Compare - tree-tip pit.  SW.  (Modified substantially from BHM).


geomfdesc:
The small pit or depression resulting from an area vacated by the root plate (ball) resulting from tree-tip ("tree-throw").  Such pits are commomly adjacent to small mounds composed of the displaced material.  Subsequent infilling commonly results in a heterogeneous soil matrix, that may or may not include a stone line that lines the depression.  Compare - tree-tip mound.  SW.  (Modified substantially from BHM).


geomfdesc:
A hummock consisting of vegetation and organic matter with or without a core of mineral soil or stones.  Compare - earth hummock, non-sorted circle, patterned ground.  NRC


geomfdesc:
An excavated area where borrow material has been removed typically for construction purposes offsite; also called barrow pit.  GG


geomfdesc:
A passage, incision, or space from which material has been excavated, such as a road cut or railroad cut.  GG


geomfdesc:
Excavation areas, open to the sky, usually for the extraction of stone.  GG


geomfdesc:
A depression, ditch or pit excavated to furnish sand for roads or other construction projects off-site; a type of borrow pit.  SW


geomfdesc:
Any artificial pond or other water-filled excavation for the natural oxidation of sewage or disposal of farm manure.  GG


geomfdesc:
Rock debris, banks, and earthy dump deposits resulting from the excavation of ditches and strip mines.  GSST


geomfdesc:
A depression, open to the sky, resulting from the surface extraction of earthy material (e.g. soil / fill) or bedrock material (e.g. coal).  Compare - borrow pit, openpit mine, quarry.  SW


geomfdesc:
A depression, ditch or pit excavated to furnish gravel for roads or other construction projects; a type of borrow pit.  SW


geomfdesc:
A land area where municipal solid waste is buried in a manner engineered to minimize environmental degradation.  Commonly the waste is compacted and ultimately covered with soil or other earthy material.  Compare - dump.  GG


geomfdesc:
A land area, usually a field, that has been mechanically flattened or smoothed to facilitate management practices such as flood irrigation; as a result the natural soil has been partially or completely modified (e.g., truncated or buried).  SW


geomfdesc:
A type of basaltic lava flow dominated by a'a lava and a characteristically rough, jagged, clinkery surface.  Compare - block lava flow, pahoehoe lava flow, pillow lava flow.  GG & MA


geomfdesc:
A volcano having the shape of a very broad, gently sloping dome, built by flows of very fluid basaltic lava or rhyolitic ash flows.  Compare - stratovolcano.   GG & MA


geomfdesc:
A low "island" of land surrounded by a younger (more recent) lava flow.  Compare - steptoe.  MA


geomfdesc:
A natural, hollow tunnel beneath the surface of a solidified lava flow through which the lava flow was fed; the tunnel was left empty when the molten lava drained out.  MA & GG


geomfdesc:
(a) Any body of running water that moves under gravity to progressively lower levels, in a relatively narrow but clearly defined channel on the ground surface, in a subterranean cavern, or beneath or in a glacier.  It is a mixture of water and dissolved, suspended, or entrained matter.  (b) A term used in quantitative geomorphology interchangeably with channel.  Compare - river.  GG


geomfdesc:
(colloquial: Hawaii) A natural surface channel commonly found near the middle of an a'a lava flow, formed by the surficial draining of molten lava rather than by erosion from running water; a type of lava trench.  Compare - lava tube.  MA


geomfdesc:
An erosional remnant of a terrace which retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not grade to a present-day stream or drainage network.  Compare - alluvial plain remnant.  SW


geomfdesc:
A watercourse that is generally dry but conducts flood waters that have overflowed the banks of a river, commonly from large storms, annual meltwater, or glacial meltwaters.  SW


geomfdesc:
A deeply and extensively dissected landscape composed predominantly of relatively narrow, steep-walled valleys with small flood plains or valley floors; commonly with considerable outcrops of hard bedrock on steep slopes, ledges, or cliffs, and with broader summits or interfluves than found in badlands.  Sideslopes exhibit extensive erosion, active back-wearing, and relatively sparse vegetation.  SW


geomfdesc:
An assemblage of moving and/or stabilized sand dunes, together with sand plains, interdune areas, and the pond, lakes, or swamps produced by the blocking of streams by the sand.  See dune lake.  SW.


geomfdesc:
Groups or clusters of closely spaced drumlins or drumlinoid ridges, distributed more or less en echelon, and commonly separated by small, marshy tracts or depressions (interdrumlins).  SW


geomfdesc:
A sand-covered plain which may originate by deflation of sand dunes, and who's lower limit of erosion is governed by the ground-water level.  Also spelled sandplain.  GG.


geomfdesc:
Generally a small stream, or upper reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response to precipitation.  It receives no protracted water supply from melting snow or other source, and its channel is, at all times, above the water table.  Compare - arroyo, intermittent stream, perennial stream.  HP


geomfdesc:
A stream or reach of a stream that flows continuously throughout the year and whose surface is generally lower than the water table adjacent to the region adjoining the stream.  Compare - Ephemeral stream, Intermittent stream.  GG


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (rockfall avalanche deposit) or resultant landform characterized by an extremely rapid, large type of rock-fragment flow (a type of landslide) which starts as a rockfall but turns into a flow and characteristically deposits rock-dominated debris long distances from the failure face (such as 10-20 times the fall height); occurs only when huge rockfalls and rockslides involving millions of metric tons of material attain extremely rapid speeds; most common in a rugged mountainous area; ex: the 1903 Franks, Alberta, Canada avalanche.  Sometimes loosely referred to as a long run-out landslide.  Compare - rock fragment flow, flow, landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (rockfall deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a very rapid type of fall dominated by downslope movement of detached rock bodies which fall freely through the air or by leaps and bounds (lacks an underlying slip face); also spelled rock fall. Compare - debris fall, soil fall,  landslide.  SW


geomfdesc:
A portion of a hillslope or mountainslope mantled by talus and lying below a rockfall source (cliff).  Compare - scree slope, scree, talus.  SW


geomfdesc:
A category of processes, associated sediments (topple deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a localized, very rapid type of fall in which large blocks of soil or rock literally fall over, rotating outward over a low pivot point.  Portions of the original material may remain intact, although reoriented, within the resulting debris pile. Types of topples can be specified based on the dominant particle size of sediments (i.e. debris topple, soil topple, rock topple.  Compare - fall, flow, slide, spread, complex landslide, landslide.  SW & DV


geomfdesc:
A landform produced in a region of limestone or sandstone by infrequent rains combined with wind action, and characterized by "a surface bristling with a fine lacework of sharp ridges pitted by corrosion".  GG


geomfdesc:
A long, shallow, round-bottomed groove, furrow, trough, or corridor excavated in the desert floor by wind abrasion, and separating two yardangs.  GG


geomfdesc:
A microfeature in the form of a long, irregular, sharp-crested, undercut ridge between two round-bottomed troughs, carved on a plateau or unsheltered plain in a desert region by wind erosion, and cut into soft but coherent deposits (such as clayey sand); it lies in the direction of the dominant wind, and may be up to 6 m high and 40 m wide.


geomfdesc:
a) A large assemblage of fluvial landforms (braided streams, terraces, etc.,) that form low gradient, regional ramps along the flanks of mountains and extend great distances from their sources (e.g., High Plains of North America.  SW   b) (not recommended, use flood plain.)  An general, informal term for a broad flood plain or a low-gradient delta.  Compare - alluvial flat.  FFP.


geomfdesc:
An erosional remnant of an alluvial plain which retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not grade to a present-day stream or drainage network.  Compare - alluvial plain, erosional remnant, paleoterrace.  SW


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (block glide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a slow type of slide, in which largely intact units (blocks) of rock or soil slide downslope along a relatively planar surface, such as a bedding plane, without any significant distortion of the original mass.  Compare - rotational landslide, debris slide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW & DV


geomfdesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (complex landslide deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a composite of several mass movement processes none of which dominates or leaves a prevailing landform.  Numerous types of complex landslides can be specified by naming the constituent processes evident (e.g. a complex earth spread - earth flow landslide).  Compare - fall, topple, slide, lateral spread, flow, landslide.  SW &  DV


geomfdesc:
A low relief, low angle, asymmetrical depression which lies parallel to the strike of underlying strata; a type of strike valley.  It's formed by the differential erosion of weaker strata interbedded with more resistant bedrock.  It may or may not contain a local drainage network and commonly lies above and is not connected to the regional drainage system.  Compare - cuesta, valley, trough, hanging valley.  SW


geomfdesc:
The process, associated sediments (debris slide deposit) or resultant landform characterized by a rapid type of slide, composed of comparatively dry and largely unconsolidated earthy material which slides or rolls downslope (does not exhibit backward rotation) and resulting in an irregular, hummocky deposit somewhat resembling a moraine.  Compare - rotational landlside, block glide, lateral spread, landslide.  SW  & GG


geomfdesc:
A category of mass movement processes, associated sediments (lateral spread deposit) or resultant landforms characterized by a very rapid spread dominated by lateral movement in a soil or fractured rock mass resulting from liquefaction or plastic flow of underlying materials; also called spread.  Types of lateral spreads can be specified based on the dominant particle size of sediments (i.e. debris spread, earth spread, rock spread.  Compare - fall, topple, slide, flow, complex landslide,landslide.  SW, DV & GG


geomfdesc:
Remnant features of a glacial lake that is now extinct which formed just beyond the margin of an advancing or retreating glacier; generally in direct contact with the ice.  Compare - proglacial lake, pluvial lake.  SW


geomfdesc:
(a) An area of land completely surrounded by water;  (b) An elevated area of land surrounded by swamp, or marsh, or isolated at high water or during floods.  Compare - barrier island.  GG


geomfdesc:
Generally a narrow, transverse area that parallels a coastline, commonly crossing cutting across diverse inland landforms, and dominated by landforms derived from active coastal processes which gives rise to beach ridges, overwash fans, beaches, dunes, wave-cut platforms, barrier islands, cliffs, stacks, etc.  SW


